(a) Interpretation: A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed. Concept introduction: The α -hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α -hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α -halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

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First image: I have to show the mecanism for the reaction on the left, where the alcohol A is added fast in one portion Second image: I have to show the mecanism of the reaction at the bottom. Also I have to show by mecanism why the reaction wouldn't work if the alcohol was primary

First image: I have to explain why the molecule C is never formed in those conditions. Second image: I have to propose a synthesis for the lactone A

First image: I have to explain why the molecule C is never formed in these conditions Second image: I have to propose a synthesis for the lactone A

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A synthesis of the given compound from butanoic acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The α-hydrogen of carbonyl compounds is relatively acidic and can be replaced with a halogen under basis conditions. This reaction is however not possible in case of carboxylic acids because they are not enolizable. Substituting the α-hydrogen of carboxylic acids is possible only in the presence of either elemental phosphorus or phosphorus trihalide. The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction. The α-halo derivative can then be used to synthesize other derivatives by substitution with appropriate nucleophiles.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.1P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.5P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.6P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.8P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.9P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.10P

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