The reason as to why ionic crystals are brittle on the basis of an atomic-level is to be stated. Concept introduction: A substance that is hard but easy to break is known as a brittle substance. Ionic crystal is composed of positively charge ion, cations and negatively charged ion, anions. Crystal lattice is 3D arrangement of the points in a crystal.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.1E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ionic crystals are brittle on the basis of an atomic-level is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A substance that is hard but easy to break is known as a brittle substance. Ionic crystal is composed of positively charge ion, cations and negatively charged ion, anions. Crystal lattice is 3D arrangement of the points in a crystal.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 21.1E

Due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard, but once distortion occurs in the crystal, the repulsion of ions take place which results in the destabilization of the crystal. This destabilization causes crystal to break.

Explanation of Solution

Ionic crystals are composed of cations and anions. The negatively and positively charged ions in the native state are placed by each other. The attraction between these ions is strong and due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard.

The normal lattice becomes distorted once a crystal is stressed. Due to this distortion, the same charge ions come close together. Hence, they repel each other and causes destabilization of the crystal. Thus, due to destabilization, ionic crystal is easy to break.

Conclusion

Due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard, but once distortion occurs in the crystal, the repulsion of ions take place which results in the destabilization of the crystal. This destabilization causes crystal to break.

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13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule depicted below. Bond B 2°C. +2°C. cleavage Bond A •CH3 + 26.← Cleavage 2°C. + Bond C +3°C• CH3 2C Cleavage E 2°C. 26. weakest bond Intact molecule Strongest 3°C 20. Gund Largest argest a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in appropriate boxes. C Weakest bond A Produces Most Bond Strongest Bond Strongest Gund produces least stable radicals Weakest Stable radical b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A, B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B, and C are all carbon radicals. i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. 13°C. formed in bound C cleavage ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. • CH3 methyl radical Formed in Gund A Cleavage c.…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.1E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ionic crystals are brittle on the basis of an atomic-level is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A substance that is hard but easy to break is known as a brittle substance. Ionic crystal is composed of positively charge ion, cations and negatively charged ion, anions. Crystal lattice is 3D arrangement of the points in a crystal.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 21.1E

Due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard, but once distortion occurs in the crystal, the repulsion of ions take place which results in the destabilization of the crystal. This destabilization causes crystal to break.

Explanation of Solution

Ionic crystals are composed of cations and anions. The negatively and positively charged ions in the native state are placed by each other. The attraction between these ions is strong and due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard.

The normal lattice becomes distorted once a crystal is stressed. Due to this distortion, the same charge ions come close together. Hence, they repel each other and causes destabilization of the crystal. Thus, due to destabilization, ionic crystal is easy to break.

Conclusion

Due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard, but once distortion occurs in the crystal, the repulsion of ions take place which results in the destabilization of the crystal. This destabilization causes crystal to break.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.1E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ionic crystals are brittle on the basis of an atomic-level is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A substance that is hard but easy to break is known as a brittle substance. Ionic crystal is composed of positively charge ion, cations and negatively charged ion, anions. Crystal lattice is 3D arrangement of the points in a crystal.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 21.1E

Due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard, but once distortion occurs in the crystal, the repulsion of ions take place which results in the destabilization of the crystal. This destabilization causes crystal to break.

Explanation of Solution

Ionic crystals are composed of cations and anions. The negatively and positively charged ions in the native state are placed by each other. The attraction between these ions is strong and due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard.

The normal lattice becomes distorted once a crystal is stressed. Due to this distortion, the same charge ions come close together. Hence, they repel each other and causes destabilization of the crystal. Thus, due to destabilization, ionic crystal is easy to break.

Conclusion

Due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard, but once distortion occurs in the crystal, the repulsion of ions take place which results in the destabilization of the crystal. This destabilization causes crystal to break.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.1E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ionic crystals are brittle on the basis of an atomic-level is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A substance that is hard but easy to break is known as a brittle substance. Ionic crystal is composed of positively charge ion, cations and negatively charged ion, anions. Crystal lattice is 3D arrangement of the points in a crystal.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 21.1E

Due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard, but once distortion occurs in the crystal, the repulsion of ions take place which results in the destabilization of the crystal. This destabilization causes crystal to break.

Explanation of Solution

Ionic crystals are composed of cations and anions. The negatively and positively charged ions in the native state are placed by each other. The attraction between these ions is strong and due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard.

The normal lattice becomes distorted once a crystal is stressed. Due to this distortion, the same charge ions come close together. Hence, they repel each other and causes destabilization of the crystal. Thus, due to destabilization, ionic crystal is easy to break.

Conclusion

Due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard, but once distortion occurs in the crystal, the repulsion of ions take place which results in the destabilization of the crystal. This destabilization causes crystal to break.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.1E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ionic crystals are brittle on the basis of an atomic-level is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A substance that is hard but easy to break is known as a brittle substance. Ionic crystal is composed of positively charge ion, cations and negatively charged ion, anions. Crystal lattice is 3D arrangement of the points in a crystal.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 21.1E

Due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard, but once distortion occurs in the crystal, the repulsion of ions take place which results in the destabilization of the crystal. This destabilization causes crystal to break.

Explanation of Solution

Ionic crystals are composed of cations and anions. The negatively and positively charged ions in the native state are placed by each other. The attraction between these ions is strong and due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard.

The normal lattice becomes distorted once a crystal is stressed. Due to this distortion, the same charge ions come close together. Hence, they repel each other and causes destabilization of the crystal. Thus, due to destabilization, ionic crystal is easy to break.

Conclusion

Due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard, but once distortion occurs in the crystal, the repulsion of ions take place which results in the destabilization of the crystal. This destabilization causes crystal to break.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.1E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ionic crystals are brittle on the basis of an atomic-level is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A substance that is hard but easy to break is known as a brittle substance. Ionic crystal is composed of positively charge ion, cations and negatively charged ion, anions. Crystal lattice is 3D arrangement of the points in a crystal.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 21.1E

Due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard, but once distortion occurs in the crystal, the repulsion of ions take place which results in the destabilization of the crystal. This destabilization causes crystal to break.

Explanation of Solution

Ionic crystals are composed of cations and anions. The negatively and positively charged ions in the native state are placed by each other. The attraction between these ions is strong and due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard.

The normal lattice becomes distorted once a crystal is stressed. Due to this distortion, the same charge ions come close together. Hence, they repel each other and causes destabilization of the crystal. Thus, due to destabilization, ionic crystal is easy to break.

Conclusion

Due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard, but once distortion occurs in the crystal, the repulsion of ions take place which results in the destabilization of the crystal. This destabilization causes crystal to break.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.1E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ionic crystals are brittle on the basis of an atomic-level is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A substance that is hard but easy to break is known as a brittle substance. Ionic crystal is composed of positively charge ion, cations and negatively charged ion, anions. Crystal lattice is 3D arrangement of the points in a crystal.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 21.1E

Due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard, but once distortion occurs in the crystal, the repulsion of ions take place which results in the destabilization of the crystal. This destabilization causes crystal to break.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Ionic crystals are composed of cations and anions. The negatively and positively charged ions in the native state are placed by each other. The attraction between these ions is strong and due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard.

The normal lattice becomes distorted once a crystal is stressed. Due to this distortion, the same charge ions come close together. Hence, they repel each other and causes destabilization of the crystal. Thus, due to destabilization, ionic crystal is easy to break.

Answer 12

Conclusion

Due to the strong interactions between the ions, the ionic crystal is hard, but once distortion occurs in the crystal, the repulsion of ions take place which results in the destabilization of the crystal. This destabilization causes crystal to break.

Answer 13

Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.1E Ch. 21 - Boron nitride, BN, is a very hard material, harder...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3E Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.4E Ch. 21 - Figure 21.35 shows a unit cell of diamond....Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.6E Ch. 21 - How many different unit cells can a crystal have...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.8E Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.9E Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.10E

Concept explainers

Answer to Problem 21.1E

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 21 Solutions