Chapter 21, Problem 21.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a $-\text{COOH}$ group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix $-oicacid$ or $-icacid$. The compounds possessing the molecular formula, $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{Cl}$ are known as acid chloride. In acid chlorides, the reactivity is very high because of which they are used in many organic reactions. These are derivatives of carboxylic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

The compounds possessing the molecular formula, $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{Cl}$ are known as acid chloride. In acid chlorides, the reactivity is very high because of which they are used in many organic reactions. These are derivatives of carboxylic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

The compounds possessing the molecular formula, $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{Cl}$ are known as acid chloride. In acid chlorides, the reactivity is very high because of which they are used in many organic reactions. These are derivatives of carboxylic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

The compounds possessing the molecular formula, $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{Cl}$ are known as acid chloride. In acid chlorides, the reactivity is very high because of which they are used in many organic reactions. These are derivatives of carboxylic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Phosgene has a molecular formula $\text{Cl}-\text{CO}-\text{Cl}$. It is used to prepare plastics and it is one of the poisonous gas. The compounds possessing the molecular formula, $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{Cl}$ are known as acid chloride. In acid chlorides, the reactivity is very high because of which they are used in many organic reactions. These are derivatives of carboxylic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Phosgene has a molecular formula $\text{Cl}-\text{CO}-\text{Cl}$. It is used to prepare plastics and it is one of the poisonous gas. The compounds possessing the molecular formula, $\text{R}-\text{CO}-\text{Cl}$ are known as acid chloride. In acid chlorides, the reactivity is very high because of which they are used in many organic reactions. These are derivatives of carboxylic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid having formula, ${\text{CO}}_3^{2-}$. It decomposes on heating and releases carbon dioxide gas. It may be acidic or basic in nature. A glycol is defined as the molecule that contains two hydroxyl groups attached to different carbons. They are usually known as vicinal alcohols. Ethylene glycol is the first member of the glycol series-it is used as an antifreeze agent.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

The organic compound phthalic anhydride is derived from phthalic acid. It is used in the formation of plasticizers. It is used as a precursor for the synthesis of phthalate ester when reacted with an alcohol. It is also used in pharmaceuticals company.