(a)
Interpretation:
The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
The reaction of carbon dioxide with water forms carbonic acid. The carbon dioxide acts as an electrophile. Lone pair of the water molecule acts as the nucleophile. The nucleophilic addition reaction takes place between carbon dioxide and water.
(b)
Interpretation:
The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
In the hydrolysis of halo lactone, Grignard reagent is used as an intermediate. The given halo lactone is first converted into alkylmagnesium halide by reaction of halo lactone with magnesium in the presence of ether. Then, the alkylmagnesium halide lactone undergoes hydrolysis in presence of acid.
(c)
Interpretation:
The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
The ring opening of the lactone takes place in presence of ethanol and hydrogen bromide to form bromoacid. The bromoacid formed then undergoes esterification reaction to form the bromo ester compound. The esterification reaction is the reaction in which the formation of esters from acid takes place.
(d)
Interpretation:
The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be explained and compound A is to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
The reaction of
(e)
Interpretation:
The curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction is to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Lactones are cyclic ester compounds. Lactones are formed by the reaction between
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Chapter 21 Solutions
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