Chapter 2, Problem 70A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The classification of a substance as solid, liquid, or gas needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction: There are generally three states of matter that is solid, liquid and gas. At room temperature, solid substances have high melting and boiling points. Melting point is defined as the temperature at which a solid substance starts melting. The boiling point is defined as the temperature of a liquid when its vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. This is the temperature when liquid starts boiling and converts into vapor.

Explanation of Solution

In solids, particles are closely arranged such that there is a small space between them. Due to close arrangement, solids have a rigid structure and defined shape. In gases, particles are far apart from each other. Gases do not have any defined shape or structure. The particles of gases are energetic and can freely move from one place to other. The particles of gases can collide with each other and the wall of the container in which the gas is placed. The arrangement of particles in solids and gases is shown as follows:

  

From the above drawing, it can be seen that the particles of solids are closely packed so they cannot move, on the other hand, particles of gases are free to move and they are not arranged in any manner. Since there is no space between the particles, solids cannot be easily compressed as compared to gases which can be compressed due to the large space between the particles.