Chapter 2, Problem 44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following molecule should be named according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature:

  

Concept introduction: In accordance with IUPAC convention longest chain can be found from either direction provided it is longest and digits indicate the position of carbon or the position of branched alkyl chain in cases of branched hydrocarbons. All the side chains are named in alphabetical order.

The IUPAC system for nomenclature of straight hydrocarbon makes use of table given as follows:

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{carbon}\end{array}& \text{Condensed Structure}& \text{Name}\\ \text{1}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}& \text{methane}\\ \text{2}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{ethane}\\ \text{3}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{propane}\\ \text{4}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{butane}\\ \text{5}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& pent\text{ane}\\ \text{6}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& hex\text{ane}\\ \text{7}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{heptane}\\ \text{8}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{octane}\\ \text{9}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{nonane}\\ \text{10}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{decane}\end{array}$

Beside the IUPAC names there are certain common names. The common prefixes used include prefixes” iso-“ and “neo-“ .For example isobutane is common name used popularly for $\text{2-methylpropane}$ .

The carbon linked to one alkyl / carbon while other two $\text{H}$ are termed primary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.

The carbon linked to two alkyl /carbons and one $\text{H}$ is termed secondary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as secondary.

The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no $\text{H}$ is termed tertiary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as tertiary.

These are indicated below:

  

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following molecule should be named according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature:

  

Concept introduction: In accordance with IUPAC convention longest chain can be found from either direction provided it is longest and digits indicate the position of carbon or the position of branched alkyl chain in cases of branched hydrocarbons. All the side chains are named in alphabetical order.

The IUPAC system for nomenclature of straight hydrocarbon makes use of table given as follows:

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{carbon}\end{array}& \text{Condensed Structure}& \text{Name}\\ \text{1}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}& \text{methane}\\ \text{2}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{ethane}\\ \text{3}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{propane}\\ \text{4}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{butane}\\ \text{5}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& pent\text{ane}\\ \text{6}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& hex\text{ane}\\ \text{7}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{heptane}\\ \text{8}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{octane}\\ \text{9}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{nonane}\\ \text{10}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{decane}\end{array}$

Beside the IUPAC names there are certain common names. The common prefixes used include prefixes” iso-“ and “neo-“ .For example isobutane is common name used popularly for $\text{2-methylpropane}$ .

The carbon linked to one alkyl / carbon while other two $\text{H}$ are termed primary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.

The carbon linked to two alkyl /carbons and one $\text{H}$ is termed secondary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as secondary.

The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no $\text{H}$ is termed tertiary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as tertiary.

These are indicated below:

  

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following molecule should be named according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature:

  

Concept introduction: In accordance with IUPAC convention longest chain can be found from either direction provided it is longest and digits indicate the position of carbon or the position of branched alkyl chain in cases of branched hydrocarbons. All the side chains are named in alphabetical order.

The IUPAC system for nomenclature of straight hydrocarbon makes use of table given as follows:

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{carbon}\end{array}& \text{Condensed Structure}& \text{Name}\\ \text{1}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}& \text{methane}\\ \text{2}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{ethane}\\ \text{3}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{propane}\\ \text{4}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{butane}\\ \text{5}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& pent\text{ane}\\ \text{6}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& hex\text{ane}\\ \text{7}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{heptane}\\ \text{8}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{octane}\\ \text{9}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{nonane}\\ \text{10}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{decane}\end{array}$

Beside the IUPAC names there are certain common names. The common prefixes used include prefixes” iso-“ and “neo-“ .For example isobutane is common name used popularly for $\text{2-methylpropane}$ .

The carbon linked to one alkyl / carbon while other two $\text{H}$ are termed primary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.

The carbon linked to two alkyl /carbons and one $\text{H}$ is termed secondary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as secondary.

The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no $\text{H}$ is termed tertiary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as tertiary.

These are indicated below:

  

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following molecule should be named according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature:

  

Concept introduction: In accordance with IUPAC convention longest chain can be found from either direction provided it is longest and digits indicate the position of carbon or the position of branched alkyl chain in cases of branched hydrocarbons. All the side chains are named in alphabetical order.

The IUPAC system for nomenclature of straight hydrocarbon makes use of table given as follows:

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{carbon}\end{array}& \text{Condensed Structure}& \text{Name}\\ \text{1}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}& \text{methane}\\ \text{2}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{ethane}\\ \text{3}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{propane}\\ \text{4}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{butane}\\ \text{5}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& pent\text{ane}\\ \text{6}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& hex\text{ane}\\ \text{7}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{heptane}\\ \text{8}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{octane}\\ \text{9}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{nonane}\\ \text{10}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{decane}\end{array}$

Beside the IUPAC names there are certain common names. The common prefixes used include prefixes” iso-“and “neo-“.For example isobutane is common name used popularly for $\text{2-methylpropane}$ .

The carbon linked to one alkyl / carbon while other two $\text{H}$ are termed primary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.

The carbon linked to two alkyl /carbons and one $\text{H}$ is termed secondary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as secondary.

The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no $\text{H}$ is termed tertiary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as tertiary.

These are indicated below:

  

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following molecule should be named according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature:

  

Concept introduction: In accordance with IUPAC convention longest chain can be found from either direction provided it is longest and digits indicate the position of carbon or the position of branched alkyl chain in cases of branched hydrocarbons. All the side chains are named in alphabetical order.

The IUPAC system for nomenclature of straight hydrocarbon makes use of table given as follows:

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{carbon}\end{array}& \text{Condensed Structure}& \text{Name}\\ \text{1}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}& \text{methane}\\ \text{2}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{ethane}\\ \text{3}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{propane}\\ \text{4}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{butane}\\ \text{5}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& pent\text{ane}\\ \text{6}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& hex\text{ane}\\ \text{7}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{heptane}\\ \text{8}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{octane}\\ \text{9}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{nonane}\\ \text{10}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{decane}\end{array}$

Beside the IUPAC names there are certain common names. The common prefixes used include prefixes” iso-“and “neo-“.For example isobutane is common name used popularly for $\text{2-methylpropane}$ .

The carbon linked to one alkyl / carbon while other two $\text{H}$ are termed primary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.

The carbon linked to two alkyl /carbons and one $\text{H}$ is termed secondary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as secondary.

The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no $\text{H}$ is termed tertiary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as tertiary.

These are indicated below:

  

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following molecule should be named according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature:

  

Concept introduction: In accordance with IUPAC convention longest chain can be found from either direction provided it is longest and digits indicate the position of carbon or the position of branched alkyl chain in cases of branched hydrocarbons. All the side chains are named in alphabetical order.

The IUPAC system for nomenclature of straight hydrocarbon makes use of table given as follows:

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{carbon}\end{array}& \text{Condensed Structure}& \text{Name}\\ \text{1}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}& \text{methane}\\ \text{2}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{ethane}\\ \text{3}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{propane}\\ \text{4}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{butane}\\ \text{5}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& pent\text{ane}\\ \text{6}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& hex\text{ane}\\ \text{7}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{heptane}\\ \text{8}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{octane}\\ \text{9}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{nonane}\\ \text{10}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{decane}\end{array}$

Beside the IUPAC names there are certain common names. The common prefixes used include prefixes” iso-“and “neo-“.For example isobutane is common name used popularly for $\text{2-methylpropane}$ .

The carbon linked to one alkyl / carbon while other two $\text{H}$ are termed primary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.

The carbon linked to two alkyl /carbons and one $\text{H}$ is termed secondary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as secondary.

The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no $\text{H}$ is termed tertiary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as tertiary.

These are indicated below:

  

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following molecule should be named according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature:

  

Concept introduction: In accordance with IUPAC convention longest chain can be found from either direction provided it is longest and digits indicate the position of carbon or the position of branched alkyl chain in cases of branched hydrocarbons. All the side chains are named in alphabetical order.

The IUPAC system for nomenclature of straight hydrocarbon makes use of table given as follows:

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{carbon}\end{array}& \text{Condensed Structure}& \text{Name}\\ \text{1}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}& \text{methane}\\ \text{2}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{ethane}\\ \text{3}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{propane}\\ \text{4}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{butane}\\ \text{5}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& pent\text{ane}\\ \text{6}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& hex\text{ane}\\ \text{7}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{heptane}\\ \text{8}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{octane}\\ \text{9}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{nonane}\\ \text{10}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{decane}\end{array}$

Beside the IUPAC names there are certain common names. The common prefixes used include prefixes” iso-“and “neo-“.For example isobutane is common name used popularly for $\text{2-methylpropane}$ .

The carbon linked to one alkyl / carbon while other two $\text{H}$ are termed primary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.

The carbon linked to two alkyl /carbons and one $\text{H}$ is termed secondary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as secondary.

The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no $\text{H}$ is termed tertiary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as tertiary.

These are indicated below:

  

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following molecule should be named according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature:

  

Concept introduction: In accordance with IUPAC convention longest chain can be found from either direction provided it is longest and digits indicate the position of carbon or the position of branched alkyl chain in cases of branched hydrocarbons. All the side chains are named in alphabetical order.

The IUPAC system for nomenclature of straight hydrocarbon makes use of table given as follows:

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{carbon}\end{array}& \text{Condensed Structure}& \text{Name}\\ \text{1}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}& \text{methane}\\ \text{2}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{ethane}\\ \text{3}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{propane}\\ \text{4}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{butane}\\ \text{5}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& pent\text{ane}\\ \text{6}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& hex\text{ane}\\ \text{7}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{heptane}\\ \text{8}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{octane}\\ \text{9}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{nonane}\\ \text{10}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{decane}\end{array}$

Beside the IUPAC names there are certain common names. The common prefixes used include prefixes” iso-“and “neo-“.For example isobutane is common name used popularly for $\text{2-methylpropane}$ .

The carbon linked to one alkyl / carbon while other two $\text{H}$ are termed primary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.

The carbon linked to two alkyl /carbons and one $\text{H}$ is termed secondary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as secondary.

The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no $\text{H}$ is termed tertiary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as tertiary.

These are indicated below:

  

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following molecule should be named according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature:

  

Concept introduction: In accordance with IUPAC convention longest chain can be found from either direction provided it is longest and digits indicate the position of carbon or the position of branched alkyl chain in cases of branched hydrocarbons. All the side chains are named in alphabetical order.

The IUPAC system for nomenclature of straight hydrocarbon makes use of table given as follows:

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{carbon}\end{array}& \text{Condensed Structure}& \text{Name}\\ \text{1}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}& \text{methane}\\ \text{2}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{ethane}\\ \text{3}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{propane}\\ \text{4}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{butane}\\ \text{5}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& pent\text{ane}\\ \text{6}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& hex\text{ane}\\ \text{7}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{heptane}\\ \text{8}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{octane}\\ \text{9}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{nonane}\\ \text{10}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{decane}\end{array}$

Beside the IUPAC names there are certain common names. The common prefixes used include prefixes” iso-“and “neo-“.For example isobutane is common name used popularly for $\text{2-methylpropane}$ .

The carbon linked to one alkyl / carbon while other two $\text{H}$ are termed primary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.

The carbon linked to two alkyl /carbons and one $\text{H}$ is termed secondary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as secondary.

The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no $\text{H}$ is termed tertiary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as tertiary.

These are indicated below:

  

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following molecule should be named according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature:

  

Concept introduction: In accordance with IUPAC convention longest chain can be found from either direction provided it is longest and digits indicate the position of carbon or the position of branched alkyl chain in cases of branched hydrocarbons. All the side chains are named in alphabetical order.

The IUPAC system for nomenclature of straight hydrocarbon makes use of table given as follows:

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{carbon}\end{array}& \text{Condensed Structure}& \text{Name}\\ \text{1}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}& \text{methane}\\ \text{2}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{ethane}\\ \text{3}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{propane}\\ \text{4}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{butane}\\ \text{5}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& pent\text{ane}\\ \text{6}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& hex\text{ane}\\ \text{7}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{heptane}\\ \text{8}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{octane}\\ \text{9}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{nonane}\\ \text{10}& {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}& \text{decane}\end{array}$

Beside the IUPAC names there are certain common names. The common prefixes used include prefixes” iso-“and “neo-“.For example isobutane is common name used popularly for $\text{2-methylpropane}$ .

The carbon linked to one alkyl / carbon while other two $\text{H}$ are termed primary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.

The carbon linked to two alkyl /carbons and one $\text{H}$ is termed secondary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as secondary.

The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no $\text{H}$ is termed tertiary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as tertiary.

These are indicated as follows: