The value of free energy change between more favorable and less favorable conformations is to be calculated at 25 ° C . Concept introduction: The formula that determines spontaneity of the reaction is, Δ G ° = − R T ln K Where, T denotes temperature. K denotes equilibrium constant. R denotes a gas constant. Δ G ° denotes standard Gibbs energy.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 2, Problem 54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The value of free energy change between more favorable and less favorable conformations is to be calculated at 25 °C .

Concept introduction: The formula that determines spontaneity of the reaction is,

ΔG°=−RTlnK

Where,

Tdenotes temperature.

Kdenotes equilibrium constant.

Rdenotes a gas constant.

ΔG° denotes standard Gibbs energy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The potential-energy diagram for rotation about the C2–C3 bond in 2-methylbutane and relative energy values to all the conformations should be determined.

Concept introduction: Various interconvertible forms that result from rotation around the C–C bind in ethane are termed as conformer. To depict such conformation Newman projections are written. These are obtained by conversion of hashed-wedged line structure simply when the molecule is viewed in a plane along the C–C

as illustrated below:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: All Newman projections of 2-methylbutane should be drawn and two most favorable ones should be indicated.

Concept introduction: Various interconvertible forms that result from rotation around the C–C bind in ethane are termed as conformer. To depict such conformation Newman projections are written. These are obtained by conversion of hashed-wedged line structure simply when the molecule is viewed in a plane along the C–C

as illustrated below:

Thus in Newman's projection of simple ethane molecule the “front” C is depicted as an intersection of three bonds with three attached H . The other three bonds connect to the large circle corresponding to “back” carbon in C–C bond.

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MISSED THIS? Read Section 19.9 (Pages 878-881); Watch IWE 19.10 Consider the following reaction: CH3OH(g) CO(g) + 2H2(g) (Note that AG,CH3OH(g) = -162.3 kJ/mol and AG,co(g)=-137.2 kJ/mol.) Part A Calculate AG for this reaction at 25 °C under the following conditions: PCH₂OH Pco PH2 0.815 atm = 0.140 atm 0.170 atm Express your answer in kilojoules to three significant figures. Ο ΑΣΦ AG = -150 Submit Previous Answers Request Answer □? kJ × Incorrect; Try Again; 2 attempts remaining Calculate the free energy change under nonstandard conditions (AGrxn) by using the following relationship: AGrxn = AGrxn + RTInQ, AGxn+RTInQ, where AGxn is the standard free energy change, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature in kelvins, a is the reaction quotient. Provide Feedback Next >

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The value of free energy change between more favorable and less favorable conformations is to be calculated at 25 °C .

Concept introduction: The formula that determines spontaneity of the reaction is,

ΔG°=−RTlnK

Where,

Tdenotes temperature.

Kdenotes equilibrium constant.

Rdenotes a gas constant.

ΔG° denotes standard Gibbs energy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The potential-energy diagram for rotation about the C2–C3 bond in 2-methylbutane and relative energy values to all the conformations should be determined.

Concept introduction: Various interconvertible forms that result from rotation around the C–C bind in ethane are termed as conformer. To depict such conformation Newman projections are written. These are obtained by conversion of hashed-wedged line structure simply when the molecule is viewed in a plane along the C–C

as illustrated below:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: All Newman projections of 2-methylbutane should be drawn and two most favorable ones should be indicated.

Concept introduction: Various interconvertible forms that result from rotation around the C–C bind in ethane are termed as conformer. To depict such conformation Newman projections are written. These are obtained by conversion of hashed-wedged line structure simply when the molecule is viewed in a plane along the C–C

as illustrated below:

Thus in Newman's projection of simple ethane molecule the “front” C is depicted as an intersection of three bonds with three attached H . The other three bonds connect to the large circle corresponding to “back” carbon in C–C bond.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The value of free energy change between more favorable and less favorable conformations is to be calculated at 25 °C .

Concept introduction: The formula that determines spontaneity of the reaction is,

ΔG°=−RTlnK

Where,

Tdenotes temperature.

Kdenotes equilibrium constant.

Rdenotes a gas constant.

ΔG° denotes standard Gibbs energy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The potential-energy diagram for rotation about the C2–C3 bond in 2-methylbutane and relative energy values to all the conformations should be determined.

Concept introduction: Various interconvertible forms that result from rotation around the C–C bind in ethane are termed as conformer. To depict such conformation Newman projections are written. These are obtained by conversion of hashed-wedged line structure simply when the molecule is viewed in a plane along the C–C

as illustrated below:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: All Newman projections of 2-methylbutane should be drawn and two most favorable ones should be indicated.

Concept introduction: Various interconvertible forms that result from rotation around the C–C bind in ethane are termed as conformer. To depict such conformation Newman projections are written. These are obtained by conversion of hashed-wedged line structure simply when the molecule is viewed in a plane along the C–C

as illustrated below:

Thus in Newman's projection of simple ethane molecule the “front” C is depicted as an intersection of three bonds with three attached H . The other three bonds connect to the large circle corresponding to “back” carbon in C–C bond.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The value of free energy change between more favorable and less favorable conformations is to be calculated at 25 °C .

Concept introduction: The formula that determines spontaneity of the reaction is,

ΔG°=−RTlnK

Where,

Tdenotes temperature.

Kdenotes equilibrium constant.

Rdenotes a gas constant.

ΔG° denotes standard Gibbs energy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The potential-energy diagram for rotation about the C2–C3 bond in 2-methylbutane and relative energy values to all the conformations should be determined.

Concept introduction: Various interconvertible forms that result from rotation around the C–C bind in ethane are termed as conformer. To depict such conformation Newman projections are written. These are obtained by conversion of hashed-wedged line structure simply when the molecule is viewed in a plane along the C–C

as illustrated below:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: All Newman projections of 2-methylbutane should be drawn and two most favorable ones should be indicated.

Concept introduction: Various interconvertible forms that result from rotation around the C–C bind in ethane are termed as conformer. To depict such conformation Newman projections are written. These are obtained by conversion of hashed-wedged line structure simply when the molecule is viewed in a plane along the C–C

as illustrated below:

Thus in Newman's projection of simple ethane molecule the “front” C is depicted as an intersection of three bonds with three attached H . The other three bonds connect to the large circle corresponding to “back” carbon in C–C bond.

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Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The value of free energy change between more favorable and less favorable conformations is to be calculated at 25 °C .

Concept introduction: The formula that determines spontaneity of the reaction is,

ΔG°=−RTlnK

Where,

Tdenotes temperature.

Kdenotes equilibrium constant.

Rdenotes a gas constant.

ΔG° denotes standard Gibbs energy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The potential-energy diagram for rotation about the C2–C3 bond in 2-methylbutane and relative energy values to all the conformations should be determined.

Concept introduction: Various interconvertible forms that result from rotation around the C–C bind in ethane are termed as conformer. To depict such conformation Newman projections are written. These are obtained by conversion of hashed-wedged line structure simply when the molecule is viewed in a plane along the C–C

as illustrated below:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: All Newman projections of 2-methylbutane should be drawn and two most favorable ones should be indicated.

Concept introduction: Various interconvertible forms that result from rotation around the C–C bind in ethane are termed as conformer. To depict such conformation Newman projections are written. These are obtained by conversion of hashed-wedged line structure simply when the molecule is viewed in a plane along the C–C

as illustrated below:

Thus in Newman's projection of simple ethane molecule the “front” C is depicted as an intersection of three bonds with three attached H . The other three bonds connect to the large circle corresponding to “back” carbon in C–C bond.

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The value of free energy change between more favorable and less favorable conformations is to be calculated at 25 °C .

Concept introduction: The formula that determines spontaneity of the reaction is,

ΔG°=−RTlnK

Where,

Tdenotes temperature.

Kdenotes equilibrium constant.

Rdenotes a gas constant.

ΔG° denotes standard Gibbs energy.

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The value of free energy change between more favorable and less favorable conformations is to be calculated at 25 °C .

Concept introduction: The formula that determines spontaneity of the reaction is,

ΔG°=−RTlnK

Where,

Tdenotes temperature.

Kdenotes equilibrium constant.

Rdenotes a gas constant.

ΔG° denotes standard Gibbs energy.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The potential-energy diagram for rotation about the C2–C3 bond in 2-methylbutane and relative energy values to all the conformations should be determined.

Concept introduction: Various interconvertible forms that result from rotation around the C–C bind in ethane are termed as conformer. To depict such conformation Newman projections are written. These are obtained by conversion of hashed-wedged line structure simply when the molecule is viewed in a plane along the C–C

as illustrated below:

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The potential-energy diagram for rotation about the C2–C3 bond in 2-methylbutane and relative energy values to all the conformations should be determined.

Concept introduction: Various interconvertible forms that result from rotation around the C–C bind in ethane are termed as conformer. To depict such conformation Newman projections are written. These are obtained by conversion of hashed-wedged line structure simply when the molecule is viewed in a plane along the C–C

as illustrated below:

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: All Newman projections of 2-methylbutane should be drawn and two most favorable ones should be indicated.

Concept introduction: Various interconvertible forms that result from rotation around the C–C bind in ethane are termed as conformer. To depict such conformation Newman projections are written. These are obtained by conversion of hashed-wedged line structure simply when the molecule is viewed in a plane along the C–C

as illustrated below:

Thus in Newman's projection of simple ethane molecule the “front” C is depicted as an intersection of three bonds with three attached H . The other three bonds connect to the large circle corresponding to “back” carbon in C–C bond.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: All Newman projections of 2-methylbutane should be drawn and two most favorable ones should be indicated.

Concept introduction: Various interconvertible forms that result from rotation around the C–C bind in ethane are termed as conformer. To depict such conformation Newman projections are written. These are obtained by conversion of hashed-wedged line structure simply when the molecule is viewed in a plane along the C–C

as illustrated below:

Thus in Newman's projection of simple ethane molecule the “front” C is depicted as an intersection of three bonds with three attached H . The other three bonds connect to the large circle corresponding to “back” carbon in C–C bond.

Answer 12

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Answer 15

Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2.1E Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2.2E Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2.3E Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2.5TIY Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2.6E Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2.7E Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 2.8E Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2.9E Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2.10E Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2.11E

Solution Summary: The author explains the value of free energy change between more favorable and less favorable conformations.

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