Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 2.92P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The ion with largest radius should be identified and explain the reason.
O2-, F- ,F.
Concept Introduction:
There are two terms for measurement which is used to explain atomic size is ionic radius and atomic radius. Atomic radius is defined as the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron (stable) of neutral atom. Ionic radius is defined as the half the distance between two gaseous atoms which are just so closely located or touching each other.
If an atom loses its outermost electrons said to be cation, then the atomic radius is larger than the ionic radius as an atom loses a shell of electron energy. If an atom gains an electrons said to be anion, then the size of both atomic and ionic radius is comparable as the electron falls into an existing shell of energy.
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15.
(a)
b)
Identify the element that is described by the following information. Refer to a
periodic table if necessary.
It is a group 14 (III A) metalloid in the 3rd period.
It is a group 15 (VA) metalloid in the 5th period.
It is the other metalloid in group 15 (VA).
d)
It is a halogen that exists in the liquid state at room temperature.
16.
What is the relationship between electron arrangement and the organization of
elements in the periodic table?
Q2.
This question is about the periodicity of the Period 3 elements.
(a)
State and explain the general trend in first ionisation energy across Period 3.
Give one example of an element which deviates from the general trend in first
(b)
ionisation energy across Period 3.
Explain why this deviation occurs.
Page 3 of 12
(c) The table shows successive ionisation energies of an element Y in Period 3.
lonisation number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
lonisation energy
kJ mol-
1000
2260
3390
4540
6990
8490
27 100 31 700
Identify element Y
Explain your answer using data from the table.
(d)
Identify the Period 3 element that has the highest melting point.
Explain your answer by reference to structure and bonding.
This is not a graded question
Chapter 2 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 2.2 - Problem 2-1 Write the formulas of compounds in...Ch. 2.4 - Problem 2-2 What is the mass number of an atom...Ch. 2.4 - Problem 2-3 Name the elements given in Problem...Ch. 2.4 - Problem 2-4 (a) What are the atomic numbers of...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 2.5PCh. 2.4 - Problem 2-6 The atomic weight of lithium is 6.941...Ch. 2.6 - Problem 2-7 Write the Lewis dot structure for the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.8PCh. 2 - 9 Answer true or false. (a) Matter is divided into...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.10P
Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.11PCh. 2 - 2-12 The elements game, Part 1. Name and give the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.13PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.14PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.15PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.16PCh. 2 - 2-17 How does Dalton’s atomic theory explain: (a)...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.18PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.19PCh. 2 - 2-20 Calculate the percentage of hydrogen and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.21PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.22PCh. 2 - 2-23 It has been said, “The number of protons...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.24PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.25PCh. 2 - 2-26 Given these mass numbers and number of...Ch. 2 - 2-27 If each atom in Problem 2-26 acquired two...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.28PCh. 2 - 2-29 How many protons and how many neutrons does...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.30PCh. 2 - 2-31 Tin-118 is one of the isotopes of tin. Name...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.32PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.33PCh. 2 - 2-34 There are only two naturally occurring...Ch. 2 - 2-35 The two most abundant naturally occurring...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.36PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.37PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.38PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.39PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.40PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.41PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.42PCh. 2 - 2-43 Which group(s) of the Periodic Table...Ch. 2 - 2-44 Which period(s) in the Periodic Table...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.45PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.46PCh. 2 - 2-47 Which element in each pair is more metallic?...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.48PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.49PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.50PCh. 2 - 2-51 What is the correlation between the group...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.52PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.53PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.54PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.55PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.56PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.57PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.58PCh. 2 - 2-59 You are presented with a Lewis dot structure...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.60PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.61PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.62PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.63PCh. 2 - 2-64 Consider the elements B, C, and N. Using only...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.65PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.66PCh. 2 - 2-67 Account for the fact that the first...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.68PCh. 2 - 2-69 (Chemical Connections 2A) Why does the body...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.70PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.71PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.72PCh. 2 - 2-73 (Chemical Connections 2D) Copper is a soft...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.74PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.75PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.76PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.77PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.78PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.79PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.80PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.81PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.82PCh. 2 - 2-83 The natural abundance of boron isotopes is as...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.84PCh. 2 - 2-85 The mass of a proton is 1.67 × 10-24g. The...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.86PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.87PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.88PCh. 2 - 2-89 Assume that a new element has been discovered...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.90PCh. 2 - 2-91 These are the first two ionization energy for...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.92PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.93PCh. 2 - 2-94 Using your knowledge of trends in element...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.95PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.96PCh. 2 - 2-97 Explain why the Ca3+ ion is not found in...Ch. 2 - 2-98 Explain how the ionization energy of atoms...Ch. 2 - 2-99 A 7.12 g sample of magnesium is heated with...Ch. 2 - 2-100 A 0.100 g sample of magnesium, when combined...Ch. 2 - 2-101 Complete the following table: Symbol Atomic...Ch. 2 - 2-102 An element consists of 90.51% of an isotope...Ch. 2 - 2-103 The element silver has two naturally...Ch. 2 - 2-104 The average atomic weight of lithium is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.105PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.106P
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- 2-47 Which element in each pair is more metallic? (a) Silicon or aluminum (b) Arsenic or phosphorus (c) Gallium or germanium (d) Gallium or aluminumarrow_forward2-59 You are presented with a Lewis dot structure of element X as X.. To which two groups in the Periodic Table might this element belong?arrow_forward2-67 Account for the fact that the first ionization energy of oxygen is less than that of nitrogen.arrow_forward
- 2-43 Which group(s) of the Periodic Table contain(s): (a) Only metals? (b) Only metalloids? (c) Only nonmetals?arrow_forward2-89 Assume that a new element has been discovered with atomic number 117. Its chemical properties should be similar to those of astatine (At). Predict whether the new element’s ionization energy will be greater than, the same as, or smaller than that of: (a)At (b)Raarrow_forward2-94 Using your knowledge of trends in element sizes in going across a period of the Periodic Table, exp lain why the density of the elements increases from potassium through vanadium. (Recall from Section 1-7 that specific gravity is numerically the same as density but has no units.) Element Specific Gravity K 0.862 Ca1.55 Se 2.99 Ti 4.54 V 6.11arrow_forward
- 2-73 (Chemical Connections 2D) Copper is a soft metal. how can it be made harder?arrow_forward2-64 Consider the elements B, C, and N. Using only the Periodic Table, predict which of these three elements has: (a) the largest atomic radius. (b) the smallest atomic radius. (c) the largest ionization energy (d) the smallest ionization energyarrow_forward2-44 Which period(s) in the Periodic Table contain(s) more nonmetals than metals? Which contain(s) more metals than nonmetals?arrow_forward
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