Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 2.90P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason behind the change in sizes of atoms across a period of the Periodic Table should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Distance from the nucleus to the valence shell of an atom is said to be its atomic size. For covalently bonded atoms, the atomic radius is defined as the one-half of the distance between the nuclei of bonded atoms.
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The periodic table is the most important organizing principle in chemistry. There is a regular progression in the periodic table that reflects a similar regularity in the structures and properties of the different elements. If you know the properties of any one element in a group, you can make a good guess at the properties
of every other element in the same group and even the elements in neighboring groups. Familiarizing yourself with the structure and arrangement of the periodic table early on will help you later on in chemistry.
Part A
Classify the following elements as main group elements, transition metals, or inner transition metals.
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Ca Sn Fm Pd Zn S
Transition metals
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28. (a) In Figure P7.7, which sphere could represent a Na atom,
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FIGURE P7.7
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 2.2 - Problem 2-1 Write the formulas of compounds in...Ch. 2.4 - Problem 2-2 What is the mass number of an atom...Ch. 2.4 - Problem 2-3 Name the elements given in Problem...Ch. 2.4 - Problem 2-4 (a) What are the atomic numbers of...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 2.5PCh. 2.4 - Problem 2-6 The atomic weight of lithium is 6.941...Ch. 2.6 - Problem 2-7 Write the Lewis dot structure for the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.8PCh. 2 - 9 Answer true or false. (a) Matter is divided into...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.10P
Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.11PCh. 2 - 2-12 The elements game, Part 1. Name and give the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.13PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.14PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.15PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.16PCh. 2 - 2-17 How does Dalton’s atomic theory explain: (a)...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.18PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.19PCh. 2 - 2-20 Calculate the percentage of hydrogen and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.21PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.22PCh. 2 - 2-23 It has been said, “The number of protons...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.24PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.25PCh. 2 - 2-26 Given these mass numbers and number of...Ch. 2 - 2-27 If each atom in Problem 2-26 acquired two...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.28PCh. 2 - 2-29 How many protons and how many neutrons does...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.30PCh. 2 - 2-31 Tin-118 is one of the isotopes of tin. Name...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.32PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.33PCh. 2 - 2-34 There are only two naturally occurring...Ch. 2 - 2-35 The two most abundant naturally occurring...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.36PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.37PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.38PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.39PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.40PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.41PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.42PCh. 2 - 2-43 Which group(s) of the Periodic Table...Ch. 2 - 2-44 Which period(s) in the Periodic Table...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.45PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.46PCh. 2 - 2-47 Which element in each pair is more metallic?...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.48PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.49PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.50PCh. 2 - 2-51 What is the correlation between the group...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.52PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.53PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.54PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.55PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.56PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.57PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.58PCh. 2 - 2-59 You are presented with a Lewis dot structure...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.60PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.61PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.62PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.63PCh. 2 - 2-64 Consider the elements B, C, and N. Using only...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.65PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.66PCh. 2 - 2-67 Account for the fact that the first...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.68PCh. 2 - 2-69 (Chemical Connections 2A) Why does the body...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.70PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.71PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.72PCh. 2 - 2-73 (Chemical Connections 2D) Copper is a soft...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.74PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.75PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.76PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.77PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.78PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.79PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.80PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.81PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.82PCh. 2 - 2-83 The natural abundance of boron isotopes is as...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.84PCh. 2 - 2-85 The mass of a proton is 1.67 × 10-24g. The...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.86PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.87PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.88PCh. 2 - 2-89 Assume that a new element has been discovered...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.90PCh. 2 - 2-91 These are the first two ionization energy for...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.92PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.93PCh. 2 - 2-94 Using your knowledge of trends in element...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.95PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.96PCh. 2 - 2-97 Explain why the Ca3+ ion is not found in...Ch. 2 - 2-98 Explain how the ionization energy of atoms...Ch. 2 - 2-99 A 7.12 g sample of magnesium is heated with...Ch. 2 - 2-100 A 0.100 g sample of magnesium, when combined...Ch. 2 - 2-101 Complete the following table: Symbol Atomic...Ch. 2 - 2-102 An element consists of 90.51% of an isotope...Ch. 2 - 2-103 The element silver has two naturally...Ch. 2 - 2-104 The average atomic weight of lithium is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.105PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.106P
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- 2-47 Which element in each pair is more metallic? (a) Silicon or aluminum (b) Arsenic or phosphorus (c) Gallium or germanium (d) Gallium or aluminumarrow_forward2-94 Using your knowledge of trends in element sizes in going across a period of the Periodic Table, exp lain why the density of the elements increases from potassium through vanadium. (Recall from Section 1-7 that specific gravity is numerically the same as density but has no units.) Element Specific Gravity K 0.862 Ca1.55 Se 2.99 Ti 4.54 V 6.11arrow_forwardUistrictims.seattleschools.org/common-assessment-delivery/start/4732295265?action=onresume&submissionld=D443170581 Use the pictures below to answer the question. Choose the two elements that are located on the second period (row) of the periodic table: 01 O 2 口4 I Schoology - Googl. 近arrow_forward
- 2-67 Account for the fact that the first ionization energy of oxygen is less than that of nitrogen.arrow_forward2-59 You are presented with a Lewis dot structure of element X as X.. To which two groups in the Periodic Table might this element belong?arrow_forward2-98 Explain how the ionization energy of atoms changes when proceeding down a group of the Periodic Table and explain why this change occurs.arrow_forward
- 2-12 The elements game, Part 1. Name and give the symbol of the element that is named for each person. (a) Niels Bohr (1885—1962), Nobel Prize for physics in 1922 (b) Pierre and Marie Curie, Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1903 (c) Albert Einstein (1879—1955), Nobel Prize for physics in 1921 (d) Enrico Fermi (1901—1954), Nobel Prize for physics in 1938 (e) Ernest Lawrence (1901—1958), Nobel Prize for physics in 1939 (f) Lise Meitner (1868—1968, codiscoverer of nuclear fission (g) Dmitri Mendeleyev (1834—1907), first person to formulate a workable Periodic Table h) Alfred Nobel (1833—1896), discoverer of dynamite (i) Ernest Rutherford (1871—1937), Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1908 (j) Glen Seaborg (1912—1999), Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1951arrow_forward2-64 Consider the elements B, C, and N. Using only the Periodic Table, predict which of these three elements has: (a) the largest atomic radius. (b) the smallest atomic radius. (c) the largest ionization energy (d) the smallest ionization energyarrow_forward2-102 An element consists of 90.51% of an isotope with a mass of 19.992 amu, 0.27% of an isotope with a mass of 20.994 amu, and 9.22% of an isotope with a mass of 21.990 amu. Calculate the average atomic mass and identify the element.arrow_forward
- 2-104 The average atomic weight of lithium is 6.941 amu. The two naturally occurring isotopes of lithium have the following masses: 6Li, 6.01512 amu; 7Li, 7.01600 amu. Calculate the percent abundance of 6Li and 7Li in naturally occurring lithium.arrow_forwardIf potassium chlorate has the formula KClO3, what formula would you expect for lithium bromate?arrow_forward2.42 What is a period in the periodic table? From what does it derive its name?arrow_forward
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