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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Given table has to be completed using the number of significant figures, estimated digit and magnitude of uncertainty for the given number in the first column.
Concept Introduction:
Whenever a measurement is made, the significant figures in the measured quantity give the actual measurement. For this the significant figures should be recognized first. The significant figures may be non-zero digit and zero digit. But Zero may be or may not be a significant figure. It depends on where the zero appears. Leading zeros in the front of any number are never significant. Zeros between the numbers are significant. When an object is measured with a scale having graduations in centimeter, and if the length of the object falls between 5 and 6, the estimated length would be 5.2 cm. But this value is approximate. This is called the uncertainty error. If the same scale is graduated in tenths of a centimeter, the measurement made would be with less degree of uncertainty. Hence if the markings become smaller, lesser is the degree of uncertainty. Also when any measurement is made, the last number that indicates the actual measurement is termed as estimated digit due to its less uncertainty. The magnitude of measurement and uncertainty of measurement are the two most important information to be conveyed in order to show case the values more exact. The significant figures any measurements are said to convey the uncertainty, while the digit values convey the magnitude.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Which of the following represent physical properties or changes, and which represent chemical properties or changes? You curl your hair with a curling iron. You curl your hair by getting a “permanent wave” at the hair salon. Ice on your sidewalk melts when you put salt on it. A glass of water evaporates overnight when it is left on the bedside table. Your steak chars if the skillet is too hot. Alcohol feels cool when it is spilled on the skin. Alcohol ignites when a flame is brought near it. Baking powder causes biscuits to rise.arrow_forwardWrite the ordinary form of the following numbers: a 2.32 x 10-2, b 9.27 x 104 c 8.96 x 10-4arrow_forwardIn the accompanying photo, you see a crystal of the mineral calcite surrounded by piles of calcium and carbon, two of the elements that combine to make the mineral. (The other element combined in calcite is oxygen.) Based on the photo, describe some of the physical properties of the elements and the mineral. Are any properties the same? Are any properties different? Calcite (the transparent, cube-like crystal) and two of its constituent elements, calcium (chips) and carbon (black grains). The calcium chips are covered with a thin film of calcium oxide.arrow_forward
- The sum of three numbers is 98. If the second number is 2/3 of the first and 8/5 of the third. Find the 3rd numberarrow_forward10. Classify the substance shown in the sketch below. Be sure you check all the boxes under the classification column that are correct for this substance. Substance 0 gas liquid solid Classification element compound mixture pure substance homogeneous mixture heterogeneous mixturearrow_forwardV Complete each row of the table below by filling in the missing prefix or missing exponent. 1 kN 1 N 1 N 1 m N = 10 = 10 10 = 10 0 -9 -6 0 N N N N 3 X Garrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is FALSE? O A mixture may be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. Mixtures may be composed of two or more elements, two or more compounds, or a combination of both. Matter may be a pure substance or it may be a mixture. A pure substance may either be an element or a compound. All of these statements are true.arrow_forwardConvert 75 miles into meters. (Use the conversion 1.0 km = 0.621 miles and use metric conversions for the rest of the conversions).arrow_forwardChemistry Describe the difference between accuracy and precision. How do we determine accuracy and precision? What type of graph would be best for representing the following types of data? The magnitude of two or more discrete, or separate, categories of a variable. A measurable characteristic of a sample which depends on the concentration of the sample. How would you indicate variability or dispersion in a data set on a grapharrow_forward
- 22. Any metric unit with the power of 1x1018 uses the prefix: 23. Any metric unit with the power of 1x10 uses the prefix: 24. Any metric unit with the power of 1x10° uses the prefix: 25. Any metric unit with the power of 1x102 uses the prefix: 26. Any metric unit with the power of 1x10 uses the prefix: 27. Any metric unit with the power of 1x1012 uses the prefix: 28. Any metric unit with the power of 1x1018 uses the prefix: 29. Any metric unit with the power of 1x10° uses the prefix: 30. Any metric unit with the power of 1x10 15 uses the prefix:arrow_forwardThe mass unit associated with density is usually grams. If the volume (in mL or cm³) is multiplied by the density (g/mL or g/cm³) the volume units will cancel out, leaving only the mass units. Keep in mind that the volume and density must use the same volume unit for the cancellation. If a large marshmallow has a volume of 2.00 in³ and density of 0.242 g/cm³, how much would it weigh in grams? 1 in3 16.39 cm³. Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. • View Available Hint(s) ΑΣφ ? DA mass of marshmallow =arrow_forwardThe following graph shows the historical concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide concentrations began increasing in the 1800s as humans started to rely on combustion for energy (carbon dioxide is a product of combustion). The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide is linked to the increases in global temperatures known as global warming. What is the total increase in carbon dioxide between 1950 and 2007? What is the average yearly increase in carbon dioxide over this period? What is the total percentage increase in carbon dioxide over this period? What is the average yearly percentage increase in carbon dioxide over this period?arrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStaxChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
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