Concept explainers
To review:
Whether the following statements are true or false:
a. Erythrocyte is a biconcave disc with a prominent nucleus.
b. The main function of erythrocytes is to transport oxygen on the protein hemoglobin.
c. Hemoglobin forms oxyhemoglobin when it binds to oxygen.
d. Hemoglobin consists of two polypeptide chains bound to a heme group.
Introduction:
Blood, a fluid connective tissue, comprises plasma and formed elements. Plasma comprises water and plasma proteins, while the formed elements contain erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs), leukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs), and thrombocytes or platelets. Blood circulates throughout the body and performs all the important functions of the body, like the transport of gases, solutes, nutrients, hormones, maintenance of pH, blood clotting, and maintenance of blood pressure.
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Human Anatomy & Physiology
- Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about how the components of hemoglobin are recycled? a. Iron ions are either stored in a phagocytic cell or circulate in the blood, bound to transferrin (a plasma protein). b. Each heme is stripped of its iron and converted to bilirubin, then excreted in bile. c. The alpha and beta chains are released into the bloodstream for use by other cells. d. Hemoglobin can be recycled only if phagocytized by macrophages.arrow_forwardWhich statement is true for the heme group present myoglobin: a. Oxygen binding to heme group is influenced by serine residues within proteins’ sequences. b. Oxygen binding to heme can become irreversible as a result of interaction with certain protein residues. c. Oxygen reversibly binds to the heme prostetic group and this binding is influenced by histidine residues within the myoglobin sequence. d. The heme group dissociates from Mb after oxygen is released.arrow_forwardMatch the following with its function: plasma protein that creates osmotic pressure that prevents fluids from leaking out of blood vessels (prevents edema) A. albumin B. fibrinogen plasma protein that helps cause blood clotting C. platelets v Formed element that causes blood clotting. D. white blood cells Formed element important in the immune E. red blood cells system. F. hemoglobin v formed element that carries oxygen v protein that binds to oxygenarrow_forward
- Consider the Fe(Il) heme center in hemoglobin. Iron is colored orange and dioxygen is colored red. A. Circle the distal Histidine residue. B. What is the function of the distal Histidine residue? C. What keeps bound oxygen “bent", and not binding orthogonal to the plane of the porphyrin? D. What would happen to Fe(lI) if oxygen were to bind perpendicular (orthogonal) to the plane of the porphyrin? E. What happens to the structure of the porphyrin when oxygen dissociates from hemoglobin?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true of red blood cells (RBCs)? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.) A. The protein hemoglobin contains the mineral iron. B. The life span of an RBC is about 60 days. C. Hemoglobin that has given up its oxygen is called debonded hemoglobin. D.RBCs have a life span of 120 days. E. The RBC is also know as erythrocyte. OF. The RBC is also known as thrombocytes. Type here to search D 5 CENarrow_forwardWhich of the following describe(s) a characteristic or function of hemoglobin?a. Hemoglobin consists of four chains of amino acids.b. A hemoglobin molecule contains four iron ions to carry oxygen.c. In addition to transporting oxygen, hemoglobin molecules carry carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.d. Hemoglobin is a protein found in all formed elements.e. There are four hemoglobin molecules in each red blood cell.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statement(s) is/are FALSE for hemoglobin? A Demonstrates positive cooperativity and can bind up to four O2 molecule. B It exhibits the 4 levels of protein structure. C It is a trimer with 2 α-helices and 1 β-sheet. D It is an allosteric protein.arrow_forwardPeople suffering with sickle cell anemia have a structural defect in hemoglobin (HB). The major reason for this structural change is mutation of glutamic acid to valine. This leads to a Exposure of polar amino acids, leading to disintegration of hemoglobin. b Burying of polar amino acids, leading to disintegration of hemoglobin. c Exposure of non-polar amino acids leading to long fiber formation. d Burying of non-polar amino acids thereby increasing hydrophobic interactions and formation of long fibres.arrow_forwardThe graph below shows the O₂-binding curves for myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb). a. 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 pO₂ (torr) a. Use the graph to determine the Kd of myoglobin for O₂ (show your approach). Write that in the provided space. b. What is the difference between myoglobin and hemoglobin that cause the O₂- binding curves to so be different? Answer in the provided space. c. Why is it important that hemoglobin has these particular O₂-binding characteristics? Answer in the provided space. YO₂arrow_forward
- What type(s) of blood cells is (are) described with each statement? Choose from erythrocytes, leukocytes, or platelets. a. This type of blood cell has no nucleus. b. This type of blood cell survives in the bloodstream for the longest period of time. c. This type of blood cell is a key element in the immune system. d. This type of blood cell carries hemoglobin. e. This type of blood cell contains the machinery needed for clot formation.arrow_forwardFor a person whose hematocrit is 45%, a. plasma volume would be 55% of total blood volume b. plasma volume would be 45% of total blood volume c. red blood cell volume would be 55% of total blood volume d. white blood cell volume would be 45% of total blood volume All of the following characteristics of platelets are true EXCEPT a. Exhibit many vesicles b. Have nucleus c. Platelets are fragments of megakaryocytes d. Smallest size compared to other blood cellular components of 2- 4 μm If someone has no megakaryocytes, he/she will a. not be able to phagocytize bacteria b. have a reduced ability to prevent blood loss c. not be able to make red blood cells d. not be able to make white blood cellsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is incorrect about 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG)? It is highly (-) charged b. It prevents binding of O₂ to hemoglobin Oc. It binds only to the relaxed (oxy) conformation of hemoglobin Od. It binds in the space between the four subunits of hemoglobin a.arrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning