Chapter 18.2, Problem 3RQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Definition of oxidation in terms of oxidation state and electrons needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction: In oxidation-reduction reaction, transfer of electron/s takes place. The transfer of electron, results in the formation of ions. In oxidation, loss of electron/s takes place and in reduction, gain of electron/s takes place.

Answer to Problem 3RQ

In a reaction, if oxidation state of atom of an element is increased, then it undergoes oxidation. In oxidation reaction, loss of electrons takes place.

Explanation of Solution

For an element, an increase in oxidation state causes oxidation. As the element loss one or more electrons, an increase in oxidation state takes place. Therefore, oxidation is a result of losing electrons. Below equation indicates the oxidation of sodium:

  $\text{Na}\left(\text{s}\right)\to {\text{Na}}^{+}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{e}}^{-}$

In this reaction, oxidation state of Na increases from 0 to +1.

Conclusion

In oxidation-reduction reaction, oxidizing agents are electron acceptor while reducing agents are electron donor.