
(a)
Interpretation: The element which is getting oxidised and which is getting reduced needs to be identified by assigning oxidation states.
Concept Introduction: A Redox reaction leads to oxidation and reduction processes simultaneously.
(a)

Answer to Problem 50A
Element Cl reduced and O oxidizes.
Explanation of Solution
Assign oxidation number to each atom:
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state.
Here the oxidation state of Cl decreases from 0 to -1. Thus, the Cl must be reduced.
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state. Here the oxidation state of O increases from-2 to 0. Thus, the oxygen is oxidized in the given reaction.
(b)
Interpretation: The element which is getting oxidised and which is getting reduced needs to be identified by assigning oxidation states.
Concept Introduction: A Redox reaction leads to oxidation and reduction processes simultaneously. Oxidation and reduction reactions are the processes involved in the loss or gain of electron. Oxidation is the process that is involved in the loss of electrons and oxidized to cation whereas reduction is the process that is involved in the gain of electrons and reduced to anion.
(b)

Answer to Problem 50A
Element O reduced and Ge oxidizes.
Explanation of Solution
Assign oxidation number to each atom:
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state.
Here the oxidation state of O decreases from 0 to -2. Thus, the O must be reduced.
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state. Here the oxidation state of Ge increases from-4 to 0. Thus, the Ge is oxidized in the given reaction.
(c)
Interpretation: The element which is getting oxidised and which is getting reduced needs to be identified by assigning oxidation states.
Concept Introduction: A Redox reaction leads to oxidation and reduction processes simultaneously. Oxidation and reduction reactions are the processes involved in the loss or gain of electron. Oxidation is the process that is involved in the loss of electrons and oxidized to cation whereas reduction is the process that is involved in the gain of electrons and reduced to anion.
(c)

Answer to Problem 50A
Element Cl reduced and C oxidizes.
Explanation of Solution
Assign oxidation number to each atom:
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state.
Here the oxidation state of Cl decreases from 0 to -1. Thus, the Cl must be reduced.
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state. Here the oxidation state of C increases from-2 to -1. Thus, the C is oxidized in the given reaction.
(d)
Interpretation: The element which is getting oxidised and which is getting reduced needs to be identified by assigning oxidation states.
Concept Introduction: A Redox reaction leads to oxidation and reduction processes simultaneously. Oxidation and reduction reactions are the processes involved in the loss or gain of electron. Oxidation is the process that is involved in the loss of electrons and oxidized to cation whereas reduction is the process that is involved in the gain of electrons and reduced to anion.
(d)

Answer to Problem 50A
Element F reduced and O oxidizes.
Explanation of Solution
Assign oxidation number to each atom:
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state.
Here the oxidation state of F decreases from 0 to -1. Thus, the F must be reduced.
Oxidation half-reaction must include oxidation step in which elements show increase in oxidation state. Here the oxidation state of O increases from 0 to +2. Thus, the O is oxidized in the given reaction.
Chapter 18 Solutions
World of Chemistry
- The Haber-Bosch process permits the direct conversion of molecular nitrogen to ammonia, which can be used in large-scale fertilizer production. Given the balanced Haber-Bosch reaction and using the bond energies in the table below, estimate the enthalpy change associated with the reaction. N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) Bond N=N N = N Energy (kJ/mol) 941 418 N-N H-H N-H 163 435 388arrow_forwardBenzoic acid is used to determine the heat capacity of bomb calorimeters because it can be obtained in pure form and its energy of combustion is known very accurately (−26.43 kJ/g). Determine the heat capacity of a calorimeter that had a temperature increase of 9.199°C when 3.500 g of benzoic acid was used.arrow_forwardGiven the standard enthalpies of formation for the following substances, determine the reaction enthalpy for the following reaction. 2N2H4(g) + 2NO2(g) → 3N2(g) + 4H2O(g) AHrxn ? kJ Substance AH in kJ/mol N2H4(g) +95.4 NO2(g) +33.1 H2O(g) -241.8arrow_forward
- If 7.3 kJ of energy are required to change the temperature of water from 5.0 to 70.0, what was the volume of water? (cs = 4.184 J/(g ⋅ ), d = 1.00 g/mL)arrow_forwardBALANCE CHEMICAL REACTIONarrow_forwardPredict the product(s) of the following reactions. If no reaction, write "NR". a) Cl₂ FeCl3 e) HNO3 H2SO4 b) NO2 CI. HNO3 f) Br Br2 OH H2SO4 HO3S. FeBr3 c) Cl2 g) FeCl3 F d) O₂N Br2 FeBr3 O₂N OH HNO3 CH3 H2SO4arrow_forward
- ulating the pH salt solution Calculate the pH at 25 °C of a 0.75M solution of anilinium chloride (C6H5NH3C1). Note that aniline (C6H5NH2) is a weak base with a pK of 4.87. Round your answer to 1 decimal place. pH = ☐ ☑ ⑤ ? olo 18 Ararrow_forwardI apologize, but the app is not allowing me to post the other 4 pictures of the thermodynamics chart. But I believe the values are universal. Please help!arrow_forwardCalculating the pH of a salt solution Calculate the pH at 25 °C of a 0.29M solution of potassium butanoate (KC3H,CO2). Note that butanoic acid (HC3H,CO2) is a weak acid with a pKa of 4.82. Round your answer to 1 decimal place. pH = -0 Х olo 18 Ararrow_forward
- : At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant K for the following reaction is 1.58 × 10-12 N2(g) + O2(g) = 2 NO(g) Use this information to complete the following table. Suppose a 38. L reaction vessel is filled with 0.93 mol of N2 and 0.93 mol of O2. What can you say about the composition of the mixture in the vessel at equilibrium? There will be very little N2 and O2. There will be very little NO. What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. 2 NO(g) N2(9)+02(9) What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. 3 N2(9)+302(g) 6 NO(g) Neither of the above is true. K = ☐ K = ☐ ☐ X10 Х D ? 000 18 Ar Barrow_forwardwhen performing the reaction that involves 2 equivalents of 3-(diethylamino)-phenol and Phthalic anhydride with sulfuric acid and water react to form rhodamine b where the Phthalic anhydride cleaves in acid and how does Excessive Washing (w/ Base) & Subsequent Resonance Structure get affectedarrow_forward3. The strongest acid of the following compounds is ___.A. p-nitrophenol; B. m-nitrophenol; C. o-chlorophenol;D. p-methoxyphenol; E. o-methylphenol Please explain your steps and thought process. Thank you!arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





