Chapter 18, Problem 76A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The system which has lower entropy is to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is defined as the measurement of the degree of randomness. The increase in a system's degree of disorder is referred to as an increase in entropy.

Answer to Problem 76A

  $\text{50 mL}$ of ice has a lower entropy than $\text{50 mL}$ of water.

Explanation of Solution

The two given systems are $\text{50 mL}$ of liquid water and $\text{50 mL}$ of ice, respectively.

The liquid water is described as free-flowing and disorderly motion. The ice has a well-organized and orderly structure. The structure of $\text{50 mL}$ of ice is less disordered and random compared to the $\text{50 mL}$ of water. Therefore, $\text{50 mL}$ of ice has a lower entropy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The system which has lower entropy is to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is defined as the measurement of the degree of randomness. The increase in a system's degree of disorder is referred to as an increase in entropy.

Answer to Problem 76A

  $\text{10 g}$ of sodium chloride crystals has lower entropy than a solution containing $\text{10 g}$ of sodium chloride.

Explanation of Solution

The given systems are $\text{10 g}$ of sodium chloride crystals and a solution containing $\text{10 g}$ of sodium chloride.

The structure of sodium chloride crystals is well-organized and stable. The system of $\text{10 g}$ of sodium chloride crystals is highly ordered. The system of a solution containing $\text{10 g}$ of sodium chloride has an unorganized structure with random movements. It is a highly disordered system. Therefore, $\text{10 g}$ of sodium chloride crystals has lower entropy.