
(a)
Interpretation: The intermediate is to be identified.
Concept Introduction: The rate is a method for determining how much something changes over a predetermined period of time. The amount of reactant or product that changes per unit of time is the
(a)

Answer to Problem 100A
The intermediate formed is
Explanation of Solution
The mechanism for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is given as follows:
The term "activated complex" refers to the state of the particles that are situated between reactants and products.
A temporary atomic configuration at the top of the activation energy barrier is known as an activated complex.
The intermediate formed is
(b)
Interpretation: The minimum number of activated complexes is to be described.
Concept Introduction: The rate is a method for determining how much something changes over a predetermined period of time. The amount of reactant or product that changes per unit of time is the reaction rate.
(b)

Answer to Problem 100A
The minimum number of activated complexes is two.
Explanation of Solution
The mechanism for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is given as follows:
In stepwise chemical processes with numerous elementary steps, an intermediate is a molecular entity that is created from the reactants (or previous intermediates) but consumed in subsequent reactions.
The minimum number of activated complexes needed to explain the reaction is two.
(c)
Interpretation: The two reactions that has the smaller specific rate constant is to be identified.
Concept Introduction: The rate is a method for determining how much something changes over a predetermined period of time. The amount of reactant or product that changes per unit of time is the reaction rate.
(c)

Answer to Problem 100A
The slow reaction will have smaller specific rate constant.
Explanation of Solution
The mechanism for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is given as follows:
The reaction that has the smaller specific rate constant is the reaction that takes place slowly.
The reaction with small specific rate constant is as follows:
(d)
Interpretation: The overall balanced chemical equation for the reaction is to be written.
Concept Introduction: The rate is a method for determining how much something changes over a predetermined period of time. The amount of reactant or product that changes per unit of time is the reaction rate.
(d)

Answer to Problem 100A
The overall chemical equation is as follows:
Explanation of Solution
The mechanism for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is given as follows:
On combining the above two equations, the overall chemical equation is written.
The overall chemical equation is as follows:
(e)
Interpretation:
Concept Introduction: The rate is a method for determining how much something changes over a predetermined period of time. The amount of reactant or product that changes per unit of time is the reaction rate.
(e)

Answer to Problem 100A
Explanation of Solution
The mechanism for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is given as follows:
A catalyst is a chemical that can be included in a reaction to speed up the process without being consumed.
Typically, catalysts shorten the activation energy of a process or alter its mechanism.
The catalyst can not be a reactant, product or intermediate.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Chemistry 2012 Student Edition (hard Cover) Grade 11
- A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M. Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth, the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0. Assumptions: Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid H H :0:0: H-C-C H :0: O-H Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water. Temperature is 25°C 1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to include state symbols.…arrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. :0: :0 H. 0:0 :0: :6: S: :0: Select to Edit Arrows ::0 Select to Edit Arrows H :0: H :CI: Rotation Select to Edit Arrows H. < :0: :0: :0: S:arrow_forward3:48 PM Fri Apr 4 K Problem 4 of 10 Submit Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Mg. :0: Select to Add Arrows :0: :Br: Mg :0: :0: Select to Add Arrows Mg. Br: :0: 0:0- Br -190 H 0:0 Select to Add Arrows Select to Add Arrows neutralizing workup H CH3arrow_forward
- Iarrow_forwardDraw the Markovnikov product of the hydrobromination of this alkene. Note for advanced students: draw only one product, and don't worry about showing any stereochemistry. Drawing dash and wedge bonds has been disabled for this problem. + Explanation Check 1 X E 4 1 1 1 1 1 HBr Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 80 LE #3 @ 2 $4 0 I அ2 % 85 F * K M ? BH 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Center & 6 27 FG F10 8 9 R T Y U D F G H P J K L Z X C V B N M Q W A S H option command H command optiarrow_forwardBe sure to use wedge and dash bonds to show the stereochemistry of the products when it's important, for example to distinguish between two different major products. Predict the major products of the following reaction. Explanation Q F1 A Check F2 @ 2 # 3 + X 80 F3 W E S D $ 4 I O H. H₂ 2 R Pt % 05 LL ee F6 F5 T <6 G Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 27 & A 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Center Acce Y U H DII 8 9 F10 4 J K L Z X C V B N M T H option command F11 P H commandarrow_forward
- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the arrows to draw the intermediate and product in this reaction or mechanistic step(s). Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Ignore stereochemistry. Ignore inorganic byproducts. H :0: CH3 O: OH Q CH3OH2+ Draw Intermediate protonation CH3OH CH3OH nucleophilic addition H Draw Intermediate deprotonation :0: H3C CH3OH2* protonation H 0: H CH3 H.arrow_forwardPredicting the reactants or products of hemiacetal and acetal formation uentify the missing organic reactants in the following reaction: H+ X+Y OH H+ за Note: This chemical equation only focuses on the important organic molecules in the reaction. Additional inorganic or small-molecule reactants or products (like H2O) are not shown. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic reactants X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ? olo 18 Ar © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forwardcan someone please answer thisarrow_forward
- Please, please help me figure out the the moles, molarity and Ksp column. Step by step details because I've came up with about three different number and have no idea what I'm doing wrong.arrow_forwardwhat reagents are used to get this product from this reactant? Br OCH3arrow_forwardcan someone answer this pleasearrow_forward
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