Need to comprehend the amino acids in N-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide. Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups ; -NH 2 and −COOH group. Since −NH 2 is a basic group and exist as −NH 3 + and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 44CI

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the amino acids in N-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the amino acids in C-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the non-polar amino acids in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The condensed structural formulas at physiological pH for the acidic and basic amino acids in GnRF should be drawn.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The condensed structural formulas for the primary structure of the first three amino acids that are starting from the N-terminus of GnRF at physiological pH should be drawn.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

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Please draw the structures

Draw the missing intermediates 1 and 2, plus the final product 3, of this synthesis: 0 1. Eto 1. Eto- 1 2 2. MeBr 2. EtBr H3O+ A 3 You can draw the three structures in any arrangement you like. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure.

Draw the missing intermediate 1 and final product 2 of this synthesis: 1. MeO- H3O+ 1 2 2. PrBr Δ You can draw the two structures in any arrangement you like. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 44CI

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the amino acids in N-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the amino acids in C-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the non-polar amino acids in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The condensed structural formulas at physiological pH for the acidic and basic amino acids in GnRF should be drawn.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The condensed structural formulas for the primary structure of the first three amino acids that are starting from the N-terminus of GnRF at physiological pH should be drawn.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 44CI

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the amino acids in N-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the amino acids in C-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the non-polar amino acids in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The condensed structural formulas at physiological pH for the acidic and basic amino acids in GnRF should be drawn.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The condensed structural formulas for the primary structure of the first three amino acids that are starting from the N-terminus of GnRF at physiological pH should be drawn.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 44CI

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the amino acids in N-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the amino acids in C-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the non-polar amino acids in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The condensed structural formulas at physiological pH for the acidic and basic amino acids in GnRF should be drawn.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The condensed structural formulas for the primary structure of the first three amino acids that are starting from the N-terminus of GnRF at physiological pH should be drawn.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 44CI

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the amino acids in N-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the amino acids in C-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the non-polar amino acids in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The condensed structural formulas at physiological pH for the acidic and basic amino acids in GnRF should be drawn.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The condensed structural formulas for the primary structure of the first three amino acids that are starting from the N-terminus of GnRF at physiological pH should be drawn.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 44CI

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the amino acids in N-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 44CI

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the amino acids in N-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the amino acids in C-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the amino acids in C-terminus in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the non-polar amino acids in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Need to comprehend the non-polar amino acids in the given sequence of decapeptide.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The condensed structural formulas at physiological pH for the acidic and basic amino acids in GnRF should be drawn.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The condensed structural formulas at physiological pH for the acidic and basic amino acids in GnRF should be drawn.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The condensed structural formulas for the primary structure of the first three amino acids that are starting from the N-terminus of GnRF at physiological pH should be drawn.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The condensed structural formulas for the primary structure of the first three amino acids that are starting from the N-terminus of GnRF at physiological pH should be drawn.

Concept Introduction : Proteins are biomolecules which are composed of amino acids. Here amino acids are the monomer organic molecules which are composed of two main functional groups; -NH₂ and −COOH group. Since −NH₂ is a basic group and exist as −NH₃+ and −COOH is an acidic group exist as −COO- therefore overall the amino acid molecules are neutral. If any other functional group is present in the side chain of the amino acid, that will determine the acidic and basic nature as well as polarity of molecule.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1PP Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2PP Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 3PP Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 4PP Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 5PP Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 6PP Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 7PP Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 8PP Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 9PP Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 10PP

Solution Summary: The author explains that amino acids are monomer organic molecules composed of two main functional groups, -NH 2 and COOH. The N-terminal of decapeptide contains Glu amino acid.

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