Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073525310
Author: Leland H. Hartwell, Michael L. Goldberg, Janice A. Fischer, Leroy Hood, Charles F. Aquadro
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 18, Problem 18P

Hypomorphic alleles of a pleiotropic gene essential for early development can sometimes provide enough gene activity for an organism to survive early development. In such cases, the mutant phenotype can reveal later functions of the gene.

Mice homozygous for null alleles of Fgf8 (fibroblast growth factor 8) die during early embryogenesis, obscuring a later role for Fgf8 in setting up left/right asymmetry of organs. However, mice homozygous for hypomorphic Fgf8 alleles, develop much further and reveal that Fgf8 protein is a determinant of leftness. In Fgf8 mutants, many organs such as the heart are left/right reversed as shown in the following figure.

Chapter 18, Problem 18P, Hypomorphic alleles of a pleiotropic gene essential for early development can sometimes provide

How might these Fgf8 hypomorphic mutant alleles been generated? (More than one answer is possible.)

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Imagine that you are a clinical geneticist. Your colleague is an oncologist who wants your help explaining the basics of genetics to their patient, who will be undergoing genetic testing in the coming weeks for possible acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induced by the radiation she had several years ago for breast cancer. Write a 1,050- to 1,225-word memo to your colleague. Include the following in your memo: An explanation of the molecular structure of DNA and RNA, highlighting both similarities and differences  A description of the processes of transcription and translation An explanation of the differences between leading and lagging strands and how the DNA is replicated in each strand Reponses to the following common questions patients might ask about this type of genetic testing and genetic disorder: Does AML run in families? What genes are tested for?
Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: What are some potential consequences that could result if the processes of replication, transcription, and translation don’t function correctly? Provide an example of how you might explain these consequences in terms that patients might understand.
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