a.
To determine:
The signal and the switch in the sex determination pathway of Drosophila.
Introduction:
It is given that sex-determination in Drosophila depends on the number of X chromosomes such that the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes is 1 in females and 0.5 in males.
b.
To describe:
The tra- and ix- mutant
Introduction:
It is given that female flies have XX chromosomes and male flies have XY chromosomes in Drosophila. The tra and ix genes play an important role in sex determination of Drosophila.
c.
To determine:
The mutant phenotype of tra- ix- null double mutants and the mutation that would be epistatic.
Introduction:
When the phenotype of one gene depends on the presence of one or more modifier genes, this phenomenon is termed as epistasis. Null mutation makes a gene completely non-functional.
d.
To determine:
The reason due to which the epistatic mutation does not play a role in the sex determination pathway as it does in the eye development pathway.
Introduction:
It is given that the epistatic mutation defined the downstream gene in the eye development pathway. This is not the case in the sex-determination pathway.
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Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
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