Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 17, Problem 9TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Retroviruses are the viruses that have RNA (ribonucleic acid) as their genetic material. During replication, they first generate DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) by reverse transcription and then carry out normal transcription to form RNA from that DNA.
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What is the significance of negative strand synthesis of positive a ssRNA virus?
a. Loss of Function
b. Transcription of negative and positive strands
c. Ensures that mutations are less likely to occur to the genetic material
d. Acts as complementary template for the positive strand
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?
O A. It converts host cell RNA into viral DNA.
B. It uses viral RNA as a template for making more viral RNA genomes.
O. It translates viral RNA into proteins.
D. It uses viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis, that is, it makes complementary DNA.
A virus is isolated, and individual virions appear spherical. What type of virus is this? A. Bacteriophage B. Helical C. Icosahedral D. Lysogenic
Chapter 17 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 17.1 - What are the properties of F+, F-, and Hfr cells...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 17.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 17.2 - How does viral infection of an animal cell and a...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 17 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 17 - Which of the following is not correct for...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4TYK
Ch. 17 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 17 - When a virus enters the lysogenic stage: a. the...Ch. 17 - An infectious material is isolated from a nerve...Ch. 17 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 17 - Discuss Concepts As a control for their...Ch. 17 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 1ITD
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- Which of these is true of prions?a. They are small RNA viruses.b. They replicate in the nucleus.c. They lack protein.d. They cause death of brain cells.arrow_forwardWhy are vaccines and/or passive immunization the method of choice in the treatment or prevention of viral infections? A. There are no known inhibitors to reverse transcription B. Viruses are non-living and do not have their own genetic mechanisms to reproduce by themselves hence host cells must rely on targeting the virus or their products. C. Antibodies prevent replication of viral genome D. Antibodies prevent transcription and translation of viral genomes E. All of thesearrow_forwardWhat is the basic classification of viruses. In other words, if you find a new virus, what is the first thing to determine? A. Is this a DNA or an RNA virus? B. Does it cause blue snotty nosed fever? C. does it have a vector? D. does it infect humans?arrow_forward
- HIV is a retrovirus what does this mean? A. That is a DNA virus and it must make RNA before it can make proteins. B. That it is an RNA virus and must convert its genetic material to DNA once it enters a cell. C. That is was a virus discovered in the recent past D. That is an RNA virus and goes directly to ribosomes of host cells to reproduce Please explain your answer!arrow_forwardPeople with the CCR5Δ32 mutation of a T-cell surface protein can be exposed to some strains of HIV-1 without becoming sick. What step of the virus life cycle is likely to be inhibited with this mutation? a. Release b. Reverse transcription c. Uncoating d. Attachmentarrow_forwardWhat is a negative strand RNA virus? O a. It is double stranded RNA. O b. It can be used directly to translate viral proteins. c. It does not exsit. O d. It must first be converted to a MRNA before it can be translated.arrow_forward
- How do retrovirus assemble new viral progeny? a. Viral RNA is copied into DNA, then integated into the host genome and transcribed ans translated b.Viral DNA is copied into RNA, then integated into the host genome and transcribed and translated c. Retroviruses use the same machinery as prokaryotes and follow the same process to make RNA d. Retroviruses have an RNA genome instead of DNA but use all of the same enzymes as eukaryotesarrow_forwardWhich of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a - (minus) strand of RNA? A. Synthesis of double stranded RNA from a DNA template B. Transcription of mRNA from DNA C. Synthesis of DNA from an RNA template D. Synthesis of double stranded RNA from an RNA template E. Synthesis of DNA from a DNA templatearrow_forwardA positive-strand RNA virus: a.must first be converted to a mRNA before viralproteins can be translated b.is not recognized by host ribosomes. c.can directly translate viral proteins. d.will be degraded by host enzymes. e.needs RNA dependent RNA polymerase to get converted into mRNAarrow_forward
- If the HIV did not have a reverse transcriptase enzyme, then which of the following would apply? Select one: a. The virus can make use of the reverse transcriptase enzyme from the host cell to convert its RNA into DNA b. Viral particles will be produced without reverse transcriptase enzyme since the original HIV is an RNA virus and needs to assemble RNA ant coat proteins together c. The virus will manufacture its proteins from its RNA using translation and ribosomes from host cell d. Provirus will not be formed and assembly of viral particles will never occur e. The virus will not be able to recognise the host cell and therefore entry into the cell is blockedarrow_forwardwhat event occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication?A,B,C,D, or E? a. adsorption to the host cells. b. injection of the viral nucleic acid into the host cell. c. host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins. d. assembly of nucleocapsids. e. replication of viral nucleic acid.arrow_forwardWhat's the term to describe a mutant viral protein, apart from any genetic material, that can cause disease?O A. VirusO B. VirionO C. ViroidO D. Prionarrow_forward
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