Concept explainers
Introduction:
Bacterial recombination is a type of genetic recombination in that bacterial DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is transferred from one bacterial cell (donor) to another bacterium (recipient) to generate genetic variability. This process takes place mainly in three ways, which are transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
Answer to Problem 1TYK
Correct answer:
The differences in the genes of bacteria can be studied by measuring the passage of genes between cells during conjugation, transduction, and transformation.
Explanation of Solution
Justification/explanation for the correct answer:
Option (e) states that the differences in genes of bacteria can be measured by the flow of genes between cells during conjugation, transduction, and transformation. The transfer of genetic information between individuals in recombination can be measured from the existence of recombinants produced from the genetic recombination. The time and order of the genes can be noted down that were transferred to the recombinants. Then, the genes can be mapped and assign in their particular positions. This can be done majorly in conjugation. Hence, option (e) is correct.
Explanation for the incorrect answer:
Option (a) states that the bacteria cannot be grown on minimal media as the media lacks essential nutrients while studying the differences in bacterial genes. The differences in the genes of the bacteria can also be studied by growing bacteria on a minimal medium for screening recombinants or conjugants. The recombinants can be differentiated from the nonrecombinants by growing them on different media, which favors them. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (b) states that the bacterial clone, which is a group of cells from different bacteria of varying genetic make-up can be used to study the differences in bacterial genes. The passage of genes between the cells can be studied through different recombination processes. The genes in recombinants can be studied using bacterial clone, which are genetically identical cells of the same bacteria. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (c) states that the bacterial diploid is used because of their ability to grow on minimal medium, for studying the differences in genes. Bacteria becomes partial diploid (merozygote) when recombination takes place. These are then grown on minimal media for differentiating them from nonrecombinants and to study the differences in the genes of bacteria. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (d) states that only one genetic trait can be studied in a single recombinant event. The recipient cell or the recombinant can be tested for the presence of multiple genetic traits (multiple donor alleles) in a single recombinant event. So, it is an incorrect option.
Hence, options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the differences in the genes of bacteria can be studied by measuring the passage of genes between the cells during conjugation, transduction, and transformation with the help of horizontal gene transfer determinations.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Define the following terms:a. transfectionb. cosmidc. electroporationd. transgenic animale. colony hybridization techniquearrow_forwardWhat is the proper order of the following steps in a gene-cloningexperiment involving vectors?1. Add DNA ligase.2. Incubate the chromosomal DNA and the vector DNA with arestriction enzyme.3. Introduce the DNA into living cells.4. Mix the chromosomal DNA and vector DNA together.a. 1, 2, 3, 4b. 2, 3, 1, 4c. 2, 4, 1, 3d. 1, 2, 4, 3arrow_forwardHow can you detect 1 small, very specific, piece of DNA (eg: a gene), among THOUSANDS of other pieces or sequences of DNA from nuclear chromosomes? a. DNA hybridization b. RNA hybridization c. Use of a radioactive or fluorescent probe d. Colony blotting and hybridization e. Synthetic primers and PCR f. Any of the above methodsarrow_forward
- What is the purpose of: A. The concentrated salt solution? B. adding isopropyl alcohol to the solution? Why does it need to be in low temperature?arrow_forwardWrite the advantages and disadvantages of applying such application in the DNA of an organism. a. Drug delivery systems that are based on bacterial or viral host. b. Producing genetically modified organisms to enhance food production. c. Combining two or more genes in one organism to enhance its traits. d. DNA manipulation of certain species to produce organs for harvesting.arrow_forwardWhich of the following approaches you can use to locate the relative positions of genes on chromosomes? A. Recombination-based mapping B. In situ hybridization C. Antibody localization D. Yeast two hybrid O E. Site-directed mutagenesis F. Reporter gene reconstructsarrow_forward
- In gene mapping using generalized transduction, bacterial genes that are cotransduced are a. far apart on the bacterial chromosome. b. on different bacterial chromosomes. c. close together on the bacterial chromosome. d. on a plasmid.arrow_forwardExplain the rationale and achievable goals behind using a genetic screen(like Heidelberg screen). Also mention how would you choose a model organism.arrow_forwardGenetic information can be transferred horizontally from one bacterial cell to another cell of the "same generation" (versus daughter cells), leading to genetic recombination, by all of the following EXCEPT: A. Gene expression (transcription/translation/protein synthesis) B. Transformation C. Conjugation D. Transduction E. None of the other four answers (all are mechanisms of “horizontal transfer” genetic recombination)arrow_forward
- which of the following do researchers not need to use during vector cloning? a. a plasmid containing selectable marker genes such as beta galactosidase or ampicillin resistance genes. b. restriction enzymes. c. DNA polymerase d. a growth medium with carefully selected ingredients that take advantage of selectable markers. e. none of the above.arrow_forwarda) Use the internet to identify current uses of genetic engineering. Explain three different applications: what it is, how it works and its benefits.arrow_forwardAs shown , several medical agents are now commercially produced by genetically engineered microorganisms. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of making these agents this way.arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education