RECALL Which reaction or reactions that we have met in this chapter require ATP? Which reaction or reactions produce ATP? List the enzymes that catalyze the reactions that require and that produce ATP.

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1RE

RECALL Which reaction or reactions that we have met in this chapter require ATP? Which reaction or reactions produce ATP? List the enzymes that catalyze the reactions that require and that produce ATP.

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reactions that require and produce ATP are to be named and the list of enzymes that catalyze those reactions during the process of glycolysis is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Glycolysis is the fundamental system of sugar metabolism in the body that contributes to the production of energy in the form of ATP molecules.

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution: The first step of glycolysis, which is the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, is catalyzed by the enzyme hexokinase and the third step of glycolysis, that is, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is catalyzed by the phosphofructokinase enzyme. These two steps in the process of glycolysis require ATP for the reaction to take place.

The step involving the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, where 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted into 3-phosphoglycerate, is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase and the step involving the conversion of phosphophenol-pyruvate to pyruvate is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. These two steps in the process of glycolysis produce ATP.

Explanation of Solution

The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, that is, the first step of glycolysis, which is initiated by an enzyme called hexokinase, requires one molecule of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which act as a source for the phosphate group, released as ADP(Adenosine diphosphate). Also, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate requires one molecule ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which acts as a source for the phosphate group, released as ADP(Adenosine diphosphate). Both the reactions result in the conversion of glucose into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

The step where 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate as well as the step involving the conversion of phosphoenol-pyruvate to pyruvate involve the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The transfer of a phosphate group each from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenol-pyruvate to ADP occurs.

Conclusion

Glycolysis results in the production of two molecules of ATP, NADH and pyruvate.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1RE

RECALL Which reaction or reactions that we have met in this chapter require ATP? Which reaction or reactions produce ATP? List the enzymes that catalyze the reactions that require and that produce ATP.

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reactions that require and produce ATP are to be named and the list of enzymes that catalyze those reactions during the process of glycolysis is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Glycolysis is the fundamental system of sugar metabolism in the body that contributes to the production of energy in the form of ATP molecules.

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution: The first step of glycolysis, which is the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, is catalyzed by the enzyme hexokinase and the third step of glycolysis, that is, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is catalyzed by the phosphofructokinase enzyme. These two steps in the process of glycolysis require ATP for the reaction to take place.

The step involving the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, where 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted into 3-phosphoglycerate, is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase and the step involving the conversion of phosphophenol-pyruvate to pyruvate is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. These two steps in the process of glycolysis produce ATP.

Explanation of Solution

The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, that is, the first step of glycolysis, which is initiated by an enzyme called hexokinase, requires one molecule of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which act as a source for the phosphate group, released as ADP(Adenosine diphosphate). Also, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate requires one molecule ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which acts as a source for the phosphate group, released as ADP(Adenosine diphosphate). Both the reactions result in the conversion of glucose into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

The step where 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate as well as the step involving the conversion of phosphoenol-pyruvate to pyruvate involve the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The transfer of a phosphate group each from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenol-pyruvate to ADP occurs.

Conclusion

Glycolysis results in the production of two molecules of ATP, NADH and pyruvate.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1RE

RECALL Which reaction or reactions that we have met in this chapter require ATP? Which reaction or reactions produce ATP? List the enzymes that catalyze the reactions that require and that produce ATP.

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reactions that require and produce ATP are to be named and the list of enzymes that catalyze those reactions during the process of glycolysis is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Glycolysis is the fundamental system of sugar metabolism in the body that contributes to the production of energy in the form of ATP molecules.

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution: The first step of glycolysis, which is the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, is catalyzed by the enzyme hexokinase and the third step of glycolysis, that is, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is catalyzed by the phosphofructokinase enzyme. These two steps in the process of glycolysis require ATP for the reaction to take place.

The step involving the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, where 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted into 3-phosphoglycerate, is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase and the step involving the conversion of phosphophenol-pyruvate to pyruvate is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. These two steps in the process of glycolysis produce ATP.

Explanation of Solution

The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, that is, the first step of glycolysis, which is initiated by an enzyme called hexokinase, requires one molecule of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which act as a source for the phosphate group, released as ADP(Adenosine diphosphate). Also, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate requires one molecule ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which acts as a source for the phosphate group, released as ADP(Adenosine diphosphate). Both the reactions result in the conversion of glucose into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

The step where 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate as well as the step involving the conversion of phosphoenol-pyruvate to pyruvate involve the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The transfer of a phosphate group each from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenol-pyruvate to ADP occurs.

Conclusion

Glycolysis results in the production of two molecules of ATP, NADH and pyruvate.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1RE

RECALL Which reaction or reactions that we have met in this chapter require ATP? Which reaction or reactions produce ATP? List the enzymes that catalyze the reactions that require and that produce ATP.

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reactions that require and produce ATP are to be named and the list of enzymes that catalyze those reactions during the process of glycolysis is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Glycolysis is the fundamental system of sugar metabolism in the body that contributes to the production of energy in the form of ATP molecules.

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution: The first step of glycolysis, which is the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, is catalyzed by the enzyme hexokinase and the third step of glycolysis, that is, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is catalyzed by the phosphofructokinase enzyme. These two steps in the process of glycolysis require ATP for the reaction to take place.

The step involving the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, where 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted into 3-phosphoglycerate, is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase and the step involving the conversion of phosphophenol-pyruvate to pyruvate is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. These two steps in the process of glycolysis produce ATP.

Explanation of Solution

The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, that is, the first step of glycolysis, which is initiated by an enzyme called hexokinase, requires one molecule of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which act as a source for the phosphate group, released as ADP(Adenosine diphosphate). Also, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate requires one molecule ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which acts as a source for the phosphate group, released as ADP(Adenosine diphosphate). Both the reactions result in the conversion of glucose into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

The step where 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate as well as the step involving the conversion of phosphoenol-pyruvate to pyruvate involve the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The transfer of a phosphate group each from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenol-pyruvate to ADP occurs.

Conclusion

Glycolysis results in the production of two molecules of ATP, NADH and pyruvate.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reactions that require and produce ATP are to be named and the list of enzymes that catalyze those reactions during the process of glycolysis is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Glycolysis is the fundamental system of sugar metabolism in the body that contributes to the production of energy in the form of ATP molecules.

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution: The first step of glycolysis, which is the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, is catalyzed by the enzyme hexokinase and the third step of glycolysis, that is, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is catalyzed by the phosphofructokinase enzyme. These two steps in the process of glycolysis require ATP for the reaction to take place.

The step involving the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, where 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted into 3-phosphoglycerate, is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase and the step involving the conversion of phosphophenol-pyruvate to pyruvate is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. These two steps in the process of glycolysis produce ATP.

Explanation of Solution

The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, that is, the first step of glycolysis, which is initiated by an enzyme called hexokinase, requires one molecule of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which act as a source for the phosphate group, released as ADP(Adenosine diphosphate). Also, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate requires one molecule ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which acts as a source for the phosphate group, released as ADP(Adenosine diphosphate). Both the reactions result in the conversion of glucose into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

The step where 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate as well as the step involving the conversion of phosphoenol-pyruvate to pyruvate involve the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The transfer of a phosphate group each from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenol-pyruvate to ADP occurs.

Conclusion

Glycolysis results in the production of two molecules of ATP, NADH and pyruvate.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reactions that require and produce ATP are to be named and the list of enzymes that catalyze those reactions during the process of glycolysis is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Glycolysis is the fundamental system of sugar metabolism in the body that contributes to the production of energy in the form of ATP molecules.

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution: The first step of glycolysis, which is the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, is catalyzed by the enzyme hexokinase and the third step of glycolysis, that is, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is catalyzed by the phosphofructokinase enzyme. These two steps in the process of glycolysis require ATP for the reaction to take place.

The step involving the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, where 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted into 3-phosphoglycerate, is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase and the step involving the conversion of phosphophenol-pyruvate to pyruvate is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. These two steps in the process of glycolysis produce ATP.

Explanation of Solution

The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, that is, the first step of glycolysis, which is initiated by an enzyme called hexokinase, requires one molecule of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which act as a source for the phosphate group, released as ADP(Adenosine diphosphate). Also, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate requires one molecule ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which acts as a source for the phosphate group, released as ADP(Adenosine diphosphate). Both the reactions result in the conversion of glucose into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

The step where 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate as well as the step involving the conversion of phosphoenol-pyruvate to pyruvate involve the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The transfer of a phosphate group each from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenol-pyruvate to ADP occurs.

Conclusion

Glycolysis results in the production of two molecules of ATP, NADH and pyruvate.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reactions that require and produce ATP are to be named and the list of enzymes that catalyze those reactions during the process of glycolysis is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Glycolysis is the fundamental system of sugar metabolism in the body that contributes to the production of energy in the form of ATP molecules.

Answer 12

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution: The first step of glycolysis, which is the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, is catalyzed by the enzyme hexokinase and the third step of glycolysis, that is, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is catalyzed by the phosphofructokinase enzyme. These two steps in the process of glycolysis require ATP for the reaction to take place.

The step involving the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, where 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted into 3-phosphoglycerate, is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase and the step involving the conversion of phosphophenol-pyruvate to pyruvate is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. These two steps in the process of glycolysis produce ATP.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, that is, the first step of glycolysis, which is initiated by an enzyme called hexokinase, requires one molecule of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which act as a source for the phosphate group, released as ADP(Adenosine diphosphate). Also, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate requires one molecule ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which acts as a source for the phosphate group, released as ADP(Adenosine diphosphate). Both the reactions result in the conversion of glucose into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

The step where 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate as well as the step involving the conversion of phosphoenol-pyruvate to pyruvate involve the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The transfer of a phosphate group each from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenol-pyruvate to ADP occurs.

Answer 14

Conclusion

Glycolysis results in the production of two molecules of ATP, NADH and pyruvate.

Answer 15

Ch. 17 - RECALL Which reaction or reactions that we have...Ch. 17 - RECALL Which reaction or reactions that we have...Ch. 17 - RECALL What are the possible metabolic fates of...Ch. 17 - RECALL Explain the origin of the name of the...Ch. 17 - RECALL Define isozymes and give an example from...Ch. 17 - RECALL Why would enzymes be found as isozymes?Ch. 17 - RECALL Why is the formation of...Ch. 17 - REFLECT AND APPLLY Show that the reaction...Ch. 17 - REFLECT AND APPLLY What is the metabolic advantage...Ch. 17 - REFLECT AND APPLLY What are the metabolic effects...

RECALL Which reaction or reactions that we have met in this chapter require ATP? Which reaction or reactions produce ATP? List the enzymes that catalyze the reactions that require and that produce ATP.

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Answer to Problem 1RE

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 17 Solutions