The structural differences among monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are to be stated. Concept introduction: Carbohydrates are the polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or in other words the substances that give polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones are called carbohydrates. Generally they contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.3E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural differences among monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates are the polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or in other words the substances that give polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones are called carbohydrates. Generally they contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.

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19.78 Write the products of the following sequences of reactions. Refer to your reaction road- maps to see how the combined reactions allow you to "navigate" between the different functional groups. Note that you will need your old Chapters 6-11 and Chapters 15-18 roadmaps along with your new Chapter 19 roadmap for these. (a) 1. BHS 2. H₂O₂ 3. H₂CrO4 4. SOCI₂ (b) 1. Cl₂/hv 2. KOLBU 3. H₂O, catalytic H₂SO4 4. H₂CrO4 Reaction Roadmap An alkene 5. EtOH 6.0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/EtOH 7. Mild H₂O An alkane 1.0 2. (CH3)₂S 3. H₂CrO (d) (c) 4. Excess EtOH, catalytic H₂SO OH 4. Mild H₂O* 5.0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/EtOH An alkene 6. Mild H₂O* A carboxylic acid 7. Mild H₂O* 1. SOC₁₂ 2. EtOH 3.0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/E:OH 5.1.0 Equiv. NaOEt 6. NH₂ (e) 1. 0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/EtOH 2. Mild H₂O* Br (f) i H An aldehyde 1. Catalytic NaOE/EtOH 2. H₂O*, heat 3. (CH,CH₂)₂Culi 4. Mild H₂O* 5.1.0 Equiv. LDA Br An ester 4. NaOH, H₂O 5. Mild H₂O* 6. Heat 7. MgBr 8. Mild H₂O* 7. Mild H₂O+

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.3E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural differences among monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates are the polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or in other words the substances that give polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones are called carbohydrates. Generally they contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.3E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural differences among monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates are the polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or in other words the substances that give polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones are called carbohydrates. Generally they contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.3E

Interpretation Introduction