A mechanism has to be proposed for the given rearrangement reaction. Concept introduction: Benzil-benzilic acid rearrangement reaction: Benzil-benzilic acid rearrangement reaction is a base catalysed reaction in which, 1,2-diketones are allowed to react with base followed by the acidification to form α − h y d r o x y c a r b o x y l i c a c i d . Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products. Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction. Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism. Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond . Nucleophile: It is negatively charged species which seeks for positive charge and hence donate pair of electrons to positively charged species (electrophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

Question

2. Make an ice cube at 1 bar pressure by freezing an amount of liquid water that is 2 cm x 2 cm x 2 cm in volume. The density of liquid water at 0 °C is 1.000 g cm³ and the density of ice at 0 °C is 0.915 g cm³. Note that this difference in density is the reason your water pipes burst if they freeze and why you shouldn't forget to take your bottle of pop out of the freezer if you put it in there to try and cool it down faster. A. What is the work of expansion upon freezing? B. Is work done on the system or by the system?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.24P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A mechanism has to be proposed for the given rearrangement reaction.

Concept introduction:

Benzil-benzilic acid rearrangement reaction:

Benzil-benzilic acid rearrangement reaction is a base catalysed reaction in which,

1,2-diketones are allowed to react with base followed by the acidification to form α−hydroxycarboxylic acid .

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

Nucleophile: It is negatively charged species which seeks for positive charge and hence donate pair of electrons to positively charged species (electrophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

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