Chapter 17, Problem 104APP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the following compound should be determined:

Concept Introduction: An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When -OH (hydroxyl group) of the carboxylic acid is replaced by nitrogen (-N) then it results in the formation of an amide.

The reaction which results in the formation of amide along with water on heating acids with amine or ammonia is said to be amidation.

So, in order to give the IUPAC name to the amides, the rules for naming carboxylic acid is followed and -oic acid of the carboxylic acid is replaced by amide.

In order to give the name to the amide group, the following steps are followed:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is named as for carboxylic acids.
2. The -oic acid in the name is changed to -amide.
3. The numbering of the chain is done in such a way that amide group and substituents gets the smaller number.
4. N-alkyl is used to show each alkyl group bonded to -N atom in the name for secondary and tertiary amides.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1  meth

Carbon-2  eth

Carbon-3  prop

Carbon-4  but

Carbon-5  pent

Carbon-6  hex

Carbon-7  hept

Carbon-8  oct

Carbon-9  non

Carbon-10  dec

In order to write the common name of the amides, the common of acids are written from which the amide has been formed by replacing -oic acid in name from -amide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the following compound should be determined:

Concept Introduction: An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When -OH (hydroxyl group) of the carboxylic acid is replaced by nitrogen (-N) then it results in the formation of an amide.

The reaction which results in the formation of amide along with water on heating acids with amine or ammonia is said to be amidation.

So, in order to give the IUPAC name to the amides, the rules for naming carboxylic acid is followed and -oic acid of the carboxylic acid is replaced by amide.

In order to give the name to the amide group, the following steps are followed:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is named as for carboxylic acids.
2. The -oic acid in the name is changed to -amide.
3. The numbering of the chain is done in such a way that amide group and substituents gets the smaller number.
4. N-alkyl is used to show each alkyl group bonded to -N atom in the name for secondary and tertiary amides.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1  meth

Carbon-2  eth

Carbon-3  prop

Carbon-4  but

Carbon-5  pent

Carbon-6  hex

Carbon-7  hept

Carbon-8  oct

Carbon-9  non

Carbon-10  dec

In order to write the common name of the amides, the common of acids are written from which the amide has been formed by replacing -oic acid in name from -amide.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the following compound should be determined:

Concept Introduction: The group that contains a nitrogen atom attached to one or more carbon atoms is said to be an amine group, general representation of an amine group is R₁R₂R₃-N.

The common name of amines are derived by naming the alkyl groups bonded to nitrogen atom in alphabetical order and then ending with word -amine.