Chapter 16.SE, Problem 46AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

Whether N,N-dimethylamino group is an activator or deactivator and whether it is a o-, p-director or m-director is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In aromatic substitution reactions the activating or deactivating and orienting effects of a substituent attached to the benzene ring can be decided from its resonance and inductive effects. The orientation is decided by the resonance effect while the activating or deactivating effect is decided both by resonance and inductive effects. Both effects may reinforce or oppose each other. However the resonance effect is much stronger than the inductive effect.

Electron releasing groups, except halogens, normally are activators and ortho & para directors. Electron withdrawing groups normally are deactivators and meta directors. Halogens are ortho & para directing but are deactivating.

To state:

Whether N,N-dimethylamino group is an activator or deactivator and whether it is a, o-, p-director or m-director.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

Whether cyclopentyl group is an activator or deactivator and whether it is an o-, p-director or m-director is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In aromatic substitution reactions the activating or deactivating and orienting effects of a substituent attached to the benzene ring can be decided from its resonance and inductive effects. The orientation is decided by the resonance effect while the activating or deactivating effect is decided both by resonance and inductive effects. Both effects may reinforce or oppose each other. However the resonance effect is much stronger than the inductive effect.

Electron releasing groups, except halogens, normally are activators and ortho & para directors. Electron withdrawing groups normally are deactivators and meta directors. Halogens are ortho & para directing but are deactivating.

To state:

Whether cyclopentyl group is an activator or deactivator and whether it is an o-, p-director or m-director.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

Whether ethoxy group is an activator or deactivator and whether it is an o-, p-director or m-director is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In aromatic substitution reactions the activating or deactivating and orienting effects of a substituent attached to the benzene ring can be decided from its resonance and inductive effects. The orientation is decided by the resonance effect while the activating or deactivating effect is decided both by resonance and inductive effects. Both effects may reinforce or oppose each other. However the resonance effect is much stronger than the inductive effect.

Electron releasing groups, except halogens, normally are activators and ortho & para directors. Electron withdrawing groups normally are deactivators and meta directors. Halogens are ortho & para directing but are deactivating.

To state:

Whether ethoxy group is an activator or deactivator and whether it is an o-, p-director or m-director.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

Whether the carbonyl group is an activator or deactivator and whether it is a o-, p-director or m-director is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In aromatic substitution reactions the activating or deactivating and orienting effects of a substituent attached to the benzene ring can be decided from its resonance and inductive effects. The orientation is decided by the resonance effect while the activating or deactivating effect is decided both by resonance and inductive effects. Both effects may reinforce or oppose each other. However the resonance effect is much stronger than the inductive effect.

Electron releasing groups, except halogens, normally are activators and ortho & para directors. Electron withdrawing groups normally are deactivators and meta directors. Halogens are ortho & para directing but are deactivating.

To state:

Whether carbonyl group is an activator or deactivator and whether it is a o-, p-director or m-director.