Microbiology: An Introduction
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321929150
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 9R
Are the following involved in innate or adaptive immunity? Identify the role of each in immunity:
- a. TLRs
- b. transferrins
- c. antimicrobial peptides
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Considering the mechanisms of innate immunity, which of the following pairs is accurately matched?
Select one:
a. Neutrophils – increase in number in response to bacterial infections
b. Complement – slow the spread of viral infections
c. Interferons – assist antibodies in the destruction of pathogens
d. Eosinophil – recognize abnormal cells, such as cancer cells
Compare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity by matching the following characteristics with the correct arm of immunity, using I for innate and A for adaptive:
a. Is the first to engage on initial encounter with antigen
b. Is the most pathogen specific
c. Employs T and B lymphocytes
d. Adapts during the response
e. Responds identically during a first and second exposure to the same antigen
f. Responds more effectively during a subsequent exposure
g. Includers a memory component
h. Is the target of vaccination
i. Can involve the use of PAMP receptors
j. Involves antigen-specific receptors binding to pathogens
k. Can be mediated by antibodies
Define the following terms:a. T cellsb. B cellsc. cellular immunityd. humoral immunitye. myoadenylate deaminase deficiency
Chapter 16 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 16 - Identify at least one physical and one chemical...Ch. 16 - Define inflammation, and list its characteristics.Ch. 16 - What are interferons? Discuss their roles in...Ch. 16 - How can the complement system cause endotoxic...Ch. 16 - Patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6RCh. 16 - Give several examples of how microbes evade the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8RCh. 16 - Are the following involved in innate or adaptive...Ch. 16 - These agranulocytes are not phagocytic until they...
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 16 - If the following are placed in the order of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 16 - A human host can prevent a pathogen from getting...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 16 - In 1884. Elie Metchnikoff observed blood cells...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 1ACh. 16 - Prob. 2ACh. 16 - Prob. 3ACh. 16 - The list below identifies a virulence factor for a...Ch. 16 - People with Rhinovirus infections of the nose and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2CAECh. 16 - Leukocyte adherence deficiency (LAD) is an...Ch. 16 - The neutrophils of individuals with Chdiak-Higashi...Ch. 16 - Consider the following. a. In laboratory...
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- The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Name the class of molecules that includes antibodies, and name the five groups that make up this class.arrow_forwardDescribe the roles that phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells and plasma proteins such as complement and interferon play in innate immunity?arrow_forwardIn general terms, what role do cytokines play in the development of immunity? How does this compare with chemokines?arrow_forward
- Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. All of the following are true of the classical pathway of complement activation EXCEPT one. Select the one answer that does NOT describe the classical pathway of complement activation. a. It is an example of overlap between innate and adaptive immune function. b. It requires that circulating antibodies are bound to antigens. c. Classical activation will result in enhanced inflammation, opsonization as well as formation of MAC proteins. d. It activates T helper cells by presenting antigen to them.arrow_forwardWhat is innate immunity? Also explain its four types of barriers.arrow_forwardExplain the multifaceted role of interferons as first responders to viral infection: What types of interferons are activated by viruses at the earliest stages of infection? How are interferons activated? What types of stimuli activate interferons at the earliest stages of viral infection.? Identify the receptors to which interferon binds and how their activation affects gene expression?arrow_forward
- a.) compare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity. b.) explain why cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity helps enhance the immune response. please be sure to answer the question in detailarrow_forwardwhich one of the following properties of antibodies is NOT dependant on the structure of the heavy-chain constant region? A. ability to cross the placenta B. isotype (class of antibody) C. ability to fix complement D. affinity for drugarrow_forwardConcerning the adaptive immunity, which of the following statements is CORRECT: a. The adaptive immune response occurs very rapidly b. The adaptive immune response leads to us remembering antigens c. The adaptive immune response occurs mainly in the thymus d. The adaptive immune response is mostly dependent on antibodies e. The adaptive immune response is mostly dependent on the complement cascade 46) Concerning acute inflammation, which of the following statements is INCORRECT: a. localised redness occurs because of hyperaemia b. localised heat occurs because of increased bloodflow c. Release of bradykinins and other inflammatory mediators causes localised paind. swelling occurs because capillary permeability is reduced, preventing plasma recirculatione. Inflammatory chemicals at the site of inflammation act as chemotactic agentsarrow_forward
- Any aspect of the immune system can be deficient. Which of the following deficiencies would primarily affect the BARRIER function of immunity? Group of answer choices A. Complement Deficiencies, in which a variety of complement proteins do not function properly B. DiGeorge Syndrome, in which the thymus does not develop properly C. Selective IgA deficiency, in which IgA antibodies are produced in very low amounts D. Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID), in which all T and B cell functions are absentarrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. B lymphocytes are categorized as part of the adaptive branch of the immune system for all of the following reasons but one. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons B lymphocytes are considered part of the adaptive immunity? a.They produce memory cells when activated. b.Their receptors will bind to only one antigen. c.They require co-stimulation from an activated T helper cell d. They are a first line of defense that can begin killing pathogens immediatelyarrow_forwardWhat are the principle components and functions of innate and adaptive (Humoral and cell-mediated) immunity? describe in 100 wordsarrow_forward
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