Microbiology: An Introduction
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321929150
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 9R
Are the following involved in innate or adaptive immunity? Identify the role of each in immunity:
- a. TLRs
- b. transferrins
- c. antimicrobial peptides
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Considering the mechanisms of innate immunity, which of the following pairs is accurately matched?
Select one:
a. Neutrophils – increase in number in response to bacterial infections
b. Complement – slow the spread of viral infections
c. Interferons – assist antibodies in the destruction of pathogens
d. Eosinophil – recognize abnormal cells, such as cancer cells
Compare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity by matching the following characteristics with the correct arm of immunity, using I for innate and A for adaptive:
a. Is the first to engage on initial encounter with antigen
b. Is the most pathogen specific
c. Employs T and B lymphocytes
d. Adapts during the response
e. Responds identically during a first and second exposure to the same antigen
f. Responds more effectively during a subsequent exposure
g. Includers a memory component
h. Is the target of vaccination
i. Can involve the use of PAMP receptors
j. Involves antigen-specific receptors binding to pathogens
k. Can be mediated by antibodies
Define the following terms:a. T cellsb. B cellsc. cellular immunityd. humoral immunitye. myoadenylate deaminase deficiency
Chapter 16 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 16 - Identify at least one physical and one chemical...Ch. 16 - Define inflammation, and list its characteristics.Ch. 16 - What are interferons? Discuss their roles in...Ch. 16 - How can the complement system cause endotoxic...Ch. 16 - Patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6RCh. 16 - Give several examples of how microbes evade the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8RCh. 16 - Are the following involved in innate or adaptive...Ch. 16 - These agranulocytes are not phagocytic until they...
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 16 - If the following are placed in the order of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 16 - A human host can prevent a pathogen from getting...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 16 - In 1884. Elie Metchnikoff observed blood cells...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 1ACh. 16 - Prob. 2ACh. 16 - Prob. 3ACh. 16 - The list below identifies a virulence factor for a...Ch. 16 - People with Rhinovirus infections of the nose and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2CAECh. 16 - Leukocyte adherence deficiency (LAD) is an...Ch. 16 - The neutrophils of individuals with Chdiak-Higashi...Ch. 16 - Consider the following. a. In laboratory...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Why is it necessary to be in a pressurized cabin when flying at 30,000 feet?
Anatomy & Physiology
Sea turtles have disappeared from many regions, and one way of trying to save them is to reintroduce them to ar...
Marine Biology (Botany, Zoology, Ecology and Evolution)
2. A gene is a segment of DNA that has the information to produce a functional product. The functional product ...
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Explain why hyperthermophiles do not cause disease in humans.
Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy (5th Edition)
Which of the following would be used to identify an unknown bacterial culture that came from a patient in the i...
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
11. In the early 1800s, French naturalist Jean Baptiste Lamarck suggested that the best explanation for the rel...
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Name the class of molecules that includes antibodies, and name the five groups that make up this class.arrow_forwardDescribe the roles that phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells and plasma proteins such as complement and interferon play in innate immunity?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true for antigen presentation. a. Antigen presentation means that other cells attach the pathogen first and present it to T cells. b. Antigen-presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor to B cells c. Antigen presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor on their surface. d. Antigen-presenting cells are phagocytic cells e. Antigen presentation is required for T cell activation f. Cytokines released by macrophages are required for T cell activation g. T cell receptors recognize the MHC receptors in complex with antigen fragments displayed by antigen-presenting cells. h. Phagocytic cells are involved in innate immunity. Therefore they have no role in T-cell activationarrow_forward
- In general terms, what role do cytokines play in the development of immunity? How does this compare with chemokines?arrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. All of the following are true of the classical pathway of complement activation EXCEPT one. Select the one answer that does NOT describe the classical pathway of complement activation. a. It is an example of overlap between innate and adaptive immune function. b. It requires that circulating antibodies are bound to antigens. c. Classical activation will result in enhanced inflammation, opsonization as well as formation of MAC proteins. d. It activates T helper cells by presenting antigen to them.arrow_forwardWhat is innate immunity? Also explain its four types of barriers.arrow_forward
- Explain the multifaceted role of interferons as first responders to viral infection: What types of interferons are activated by viruses at the earliest stages of infection? How are interferons activated? What types of stimuli activate interferons at the earliest stages of viral infection.? Identify the receptors to which interferon binds and how their activation affects gene expression?arrow_forwarda.) compare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity. b.) explain why cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity helps enhance the immune response. please be sure to answer the question in detailarrow_forwardConcerning the adaptive immunity, which of the following statements is CORRECT: a. The adaptive immune response occurs very rapidly b. The adaptive immune response leads to us remembering antigens c. The adaptive immune response occurs mainly in the thymus d. The adaptive immune response is mostly dependent on antibodies e. The adaptive immune response is mostly dependent on the complement cascade 46) Concerning acute inflammation, which of the following statements is INCORRECT: a. localised redness occurs because of hyperaemia b. localised heat occurs because of increased bloodflow c. Release of bradykinins and other inflammatory mediators causes localised paind. swelling occurs because capillary permeability is reduced, preventing plasma recirculatione. Inflammatory chemicals at the site of inflammation act as chemotactic agentsarrow_forward
- What are the principle components and functions of innate and adaptive (Humoral and cell-mediated) immunity? describe in 100 wordsarrow_forwardWhat can be the role of physiological and anatomical barriers of the body in innate immunity?arrow_forwardThe classical complement pathway is initiated by C1q binding to the surface of a pathogen. In some cases, C1q can directly bind the pathogen, for instance by recognizing proteins of bacterial cell walls, but in most cases C1q binds to IgM antibodies that are bound to the pathogen surface. How does this IgM-binding feature of C1q contribute to rapid, innate immune responses rather than to slow, adaptive responses? C1q induces B lymphocytes to begin secreting antibody within hours of pathogen exposure. Natural antibody that binds to many microbial pathogens is produced prior to pathogen exposure. C1q binds to C-reactive protein which then binds to IgM on the pathogen surface. C1q directly induces inflammation, recruiting phagocytes and antibodies from the blood into the infected tissue. C1q binds to dendritic cells in the infected tissue, inducing them to secrete inflammatory cytokines.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
7 Freudian Defence Mechanisms Explained; Author: Lewis Psychology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTnjJ105ze4;License: Standard youtube license