Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The reaction mechanism for the conversion of the starting material to final acetal product needs to be shown using curved arrows.
Concept Introduction: In a mechanism, curved arrows are used to show the movement of electrons from one molecule to other or within a molecule. This attack always takes place from negative charge to positive thus, curved arrows are shown according to that.
(b)
Interpretation: The reaction mechanism for the conversion of the starting material to final acetal product needs to be shown using curved arrows.
Concept Introduction: In a mechanism, curved arrows are used to show the movement of electrons from one molecule to other or within a molecule. This attack always takes place from negative charge to positive thus, curved arrows are shown according to that.
(c)
Interpretation: The reaction mechanism for the conversion of the starting material to final acetal product needs to be shown using curved arrows.
Concept Introduction: In a mechanism, curved arrows are used to show the movement of electrons from one molecule to other or within a molecule. This attack always takes place from negative charge to positive thus, curved arrows are shown according to that.
(d)
Interpretation: The reaction mechanism for the conversion of the starting material to final product needs to be shown using curved arrows.
Concept Introduction: In a mechanism, curved arrows are used to show the movement of electrons from one molecule to other or within a molecule. This attack always takes place from negative charge to positive thus, curved arrows are shown according to that.
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Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
- An esterification and a claisen condensation are the reverse of each other. Write a single equilibrium reaction that is appropriate for both reactions and discuss the experimental conditions that can drive this equilibrium toward one side or the other of this reaction. The reactions are: Esterification Reaction: acetic acid is reacted with methanol and sulfuric acid catalyst under heated conditions to produce methyl acetate. Claisen Condensation: methyl acetate is reacted with water and sulfuric acid catalyst under heated conditions to produce acetic acidarrow_forwardDraw the structure of the major organic product(s) of the reaction. H3C 1. 2 CH3MgBr, ether 2. H3O+arrow_forwardSeveral diamines are building blocks for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agro-chemicals. Show how both 1,3-propanediamine and 1,4-butanediamine can be prepared from acrylonitrile.arrow_forward
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- Aldehydes and ketones react with one molecule of an alcohol to form compounds called hemiacetals, in which there is one hydroxyl group and one ether-like group. Reaction of a hemiacetal with a second molecule of alcohol gives an acetal and a molecule of water. ROH, H+ OH OR Aldehyde/ketone Alcohol ROH, H+ Draw the structural formulas for the hemiacetal and the acetal formed between the following compounds: OH OH OR OR • Use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists. + H₂Oarrow_forwardAcid-catalyzed dehydration of secondary and tertiary alcohols proceeds through an E1 mechanism. The first step is the protonation of the alcohol oxygen to form an oxonium ion. Dehydration of 3-methyl-2-butanol forms one major and two minor organic products. Draw the structures, including hydrogen atoms, of the three organic products of this reaction. н н :бн н Нас. Нас. CHз CH3 ČH3 CH3 3-methyl-2-butanol an oxonium ion Major Product Minor Product Minor Productarrow_forward16. Step 1: Draw the structure of the tosylate formed in Step [1] of the reaction sequence shown, including appropriate stereochemistry. Do not use abbreviations for any portion of the tosylate structure. Step 2: Draw the structure of the product formed in Step [2] of the reaction sequence shown, including appropriate stereochemistry. Step 3: What is the stereochemical relationship between the starting alcohol and the final product of the reaction sequence? Select the single best answer. A. There is a retention of configuration throughout the sequence. B. There are two inversions of configuration from the initial reactant to the final product. C. Both the initial reactant and final product are achiral. D. There is one inversion of configuration from the initial reactant to the final product.arrow_forward
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