Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 16, Problem 43Q
To determine
The wavelength of maximum emission of the umbra of a sunspot and the wavelength of the maximum emission of a penumbra of a sunspot and determine the part of the
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From which atmospheric layer of the Sun did the photons originate that resulted in sunburn? How do you know?
Auroras are caused by collisions between particles such as electrons released by the Sun, and atoms in a planet’s atmosphere. These collisions transfer energy to the atmospheric atoms causing them to emit specific colors (wavelengths) of light. On Earth, auroras occur in a layer of the atmosphere known as the ionosphere, 80 km to 400 km above the surface. If solar activity increases, the number of sunspots increases, and more particles are released by the Sun. If, on average, there were 150 sunspots in 2014, 5 in 2020, and 160 in 2023, which year(s) will have the most auroras, and which year(s) the least? Can you explain why?
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1QCh. 16 - Prob. 2QCh. 16 - Prob. 3QCh. 16 - Prob. 4QCh. 16 - Prob. 5QCh. 16 - Prob. 6QCh. 16 - Prob. 7QCh. 16 - Prob. 8QCh. 16 - Prob. 9QCh. 16 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 16 - Prob. 11QCh. 16 - Prob. 12QCh. 16 - Prob. 13QCh. 16 - Prob. 14QCh. 16 - Prob. 15QCh. 16 - Prob. 16QCh. 16 - Prob. 17QCh. 16 - Prob. 18QCh. 16 - Prob. 19QCh. 16 - Prob. 20QCh. 16 - Prob. 21QCh. 16 - Prob. 22QCh. 16 - Prob. 23QCh. 16 - Prob. 24QCh. 16 - Prob. 25QCh. 16 - Prob. 26QCh. 16 - Prob. 27QCh. 16 - Prob. 28QCh. 16 - Prob. 29QCh. 16 - Prob. 30QCh. 16 - Prob. 31QCh. 16 - Prob. 32QCh. 16 - Prob. 33QCh. 16 - Prob. 34QCh. 16 - Prob. 35QCh. 16 - Prob. 36QCh. 16 - Prob. 37QCh. 16 - Prob. 38QCh. 16 - Prob. 39QCh. 16 - Prob. 40QCh. 16 - Prob. 41QCh. 16 - Prob. 42QCh. 16 - Prob. 43QCh. 16 - Prob. 44QCh. 16 - Prob. 45QCh. 16 - Prob. 46QCh. 16 - Prob. 47QCh. 16 - Prob. 48QCh. 16 - Prob. 49QCh. 16 - Prob. 50QCh. 16 - Prob. 51QCh. 16 - Prob. 52QCh. 16 - Prob. 53QCh. 16 - Prob. 54QCh. 16 - Prob. 55QCh. 16 - Prob. 56QCh. 16 - Prob. 57QCh. 16 - Prob. 58QCh. 16 - Prob. 59QCh. 16 - Prob. 60Q
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- How many watts of radiation does a 1-meter-square region of the Sun’s spot emit, at a temperature of 5000 K? How much would the wattage increase if the temperature of the spot were twice as much, 10 000 K?arrow_forwardOur Sun has a surface temperature of about 5800 K. Find the emitted power per square meter of peak intensity for a similar star with 4600 K that emits thermal radiation. Express your answer in scientific notation and with three significant figures.arrow_forward. How big would a square solar sail need to be in order for sunlight to exert a 12 N force on it (use 1,100 W/m² as the intensity of the sunlight).arrow_forward
- How does E = mC2 apply to understanding how the Sun is powered?arrow_forwardSuppose YOUR body temperature averages 98.6 F. 1. How much radiant energy in Wm^-2 is emitted from YOUR body? 2. What is the total radiant energy in W that is emitted from YOUR body? 3. At what wavelength does YOUR body emit the largest amount of radiant energy?arrow_forwardThis picture shows a radio meter. It is designed to be placed in a sunny window. One side of each thin blade of the radio meter is painted black, and the other side is painted white. The suns rays strike the blades, in the device begins to spin. The device is powered by which kind of energy?(2009)arrow_forward
- ___ nmarrow_forwardAccording to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, how much energy is radiated into space per unit time by each square meter of the Sun's surface? If the Sun's radius is 696,000 km, what is the total power output of the Sun?arrow_forwardIntegrate the solar flux over the wavelength range from 100 to 4000 nm to get the solar constant at the top of the atmosphere.arrow_forward
- Since the rotation period of the Sun can be determined by observing the apparent motions of sunspots, a correction must be made for the orbital motion of Earth. Explain what the correction is and how it arises. Making some sketches may help answer this question.arrow_forwardUse that the pressure on the Sunspot (ideal gas) plus the magnetic pressure B?/(2µo) equals the photosphere pressure (also ideal gas but at different pressure) in order for the Sunspot not to sink. Use that p=3.5x104 kg/m³ and u=1 to find the magnetic field strength in the Sunspot.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are TRUE about the Sun's spectrum, which is shown in this image? Brightness 2.5 3.5 0 200 Sun's Spectrum vs. Thermal Radiator of a single temperature T = 5777 K peak spectrum of Sun spectrum of T = 5777 K blackbody emission spectrum (continuum) absorption lines 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Wavelength (nanometres) 2000 The spectrum shows the presence of many sunspots. The overall shape is consistent with a continuous spectrum emitted by a blackbody. The spectrum shows that the Sun emits light of all colors equally, which is why we see it as white. The spectrum shows that the Sun emits some light in ultraviolet wavelengths. The spectrum peaks in infrared wavelengths.arrow_forward
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