Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781305079243
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 3RQ
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The characteristics that determine
Concept introduction:
To determine: The characteristics that determine
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0
2.
Please consider the two all 'cis' isomers of trimethylcyclohexane drawn below. Draw the
two chair conformers of each stereoisomer below (1 and 2) and calculate their torsional interaction
energies in order to identify the lower energy conformer for each stereoisomer. Based on your
calculations, state which of the two stereoisomers 1 and 2 is less stable and which is more stable.
[1,3-diaxial CH3 CH3 = 3.7kcal/mol; 1,3-diaxial CH3 H = 0.88kcal/mol; cis-1,2 (axial:equatorial) CH3
CH3 = 0.88kcal/mol; trans-1,2-diequatorial CH3 CH3 = 0.88kcal/mol)
all-cis-1,2,3-
1
all-cis-1,2,4-
2
None
Chapter 16 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Ch. 16 - Define the following: a. spontaneous process b....Ch. 16 - What is the second law of thermodynamics? For any...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3RQCh. 16 - Prob. 4RQCh. 16 - Prob. 5RQCh. 16 - What is the standard free energy change, G, for a...Ch. 16 - If you calculate a value for G for a reaction...Ch. 16 - Consider the equation G = G + RT ln(Q). What is...Ch. 16 - Even if G is negative, the reaction may not occur....Ch. 16 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 16 - For the process A(l) A(g), which direction is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2ALQCh. 16 - Gas A2 reacts with gas B2 to form gas AB at a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4ALQCh. 16 - Prob. 5ALQCh. 16 - Prob. 6ALQCh. 16 - Predict the sign of S for each of the following...Ch. 16 - Is Ssurr favorable or unfavorable for exothermic...Ch. 16 - At 1 atm, liquid water is heated above 100C. For...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10ALQCh. 16 - The synthesis of glucose directly from CO2 and H2O...Ch. 16 - When the environment is contaminated by a toxic or...Ch. 16 - Entropy has been described as times arrow....Ch. 16 - Prob. 14QCh. 16 - A mixture of hydrogen gas and chlorine gas remains...Ch. 16 - Consider the following potential energy plots: a....Ch. 16 - Prob. 17QCh. 16 - Given the following illustration, what can be said...Ch. 16 - The third law of thermodynamics states that the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 20QCh. 16 - Prob. 21QCh. 16 - Prob. 22QCh. 16 - Monochloroethane (C2H5Cl) can be produced by the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 24QCh. 16 - Which of the following processes are spontaneous?...Ch. 16 - Which of the following processes are spontaneous?...Ch. 16 - Prob. 27ECh. 16 - Consider the following illustration of six...Ch. 16 - Consider the following energy levels, each capable...Ch. 16 - Prob. 30ECh. 16 - Choose the substance with the larger positional...Ch. 16 - Which of the following involve an increase in the...Ch. 16 - Predict the sign of Ssurr for the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 34ECh. 16 - Given the values of H and S, which of the...Ch. 16 - At what temperatures will the following processes...Ch. 16 - Ethanethiol (C2H5SH; also called ethyl mercaptan)...Ch. 16 - For mercury, the enthalpy of vaporization is 58.51...Ch. 16 - For ammonia (NH3), the enthalpy of fusion is 5.65...Ch. 16 - The enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol is 38.7...Ch. 16 - Predict the sign of S for each of the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 42ECh. 16 - Prob. 43ECh. 16 - For each of the following pairs, which substance...Ch. 16 - Predict the sign of S and then calculate S for...Ch. 16 - Predict the sign of S and then calculate S for...Ch. 16 - Prob. 47ECh. 16 - Prob. 48ECh. 16 - Prob. 49ECh. 16 - Two crystalline forms of white phosphorus are...Ch. 16 - Consider the reaction 2O(g)O2(g) a. Predict the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 52ECh. 16 - Prob. 53ECh. 16 - The major industrial use of hydrogen is in the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 55ECh. 16 - At 100C and 1.00 atm, H = 40.6 kJ/mol for the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 57ECh. 16 - Prob. 58ECh. 16 - Prob. 59ECh. 16 - Prob. 60ECh. 16 - Consider the reaction...Ch. 16 - Consider the reaction 2POCl3(g)2PCl3(g)+O2(g) a....Ch. 16 - Prob. 63ECh. 16 - Consider two reactions for the production of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 65ECh. 16 - Prob. 66ECh. 16 - Consider the reaction 2NO2(g)N2O4(g) For each of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 68ECh. 16 - One of the reactions that destroys ozone in the...Ch. 16 - Hydrogen sulfide can be removed from natural gas...Ch. 16 - Consider the following reaction at 25.0C:...Ch. 16 - The standard free energies of formation and the...Ch. 16 - Calculate G forH2O(g)+12O2(g)H2O2(g) at 600. K,...Ch. 16 - The Ostwald process for the commercial production...Ch. 16 - Cells use the hydrolysis of adenosine...Ch. 16 - One reaction that occurs in human metabolism is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 77ECh. 16 - Consider the following reaction at 298 K:...Ch. 16 - Prob. 79ECh. 16 - The equilibrium constant K for the reaction...Ch. 16 - Prob. 81AECh. 16 - Some water is placed in a coffee-cup calorimeter....Ch. 16 - Consider the following system at equilibrium at...Ch. 16 - Calculate the entropy change for the vaporization...Ch. 16 - As O2(l) is cooled at 1 atm, it freezes at 54.5 K...Ch. 16 - Prob. 86AECh. 16 - Using the following data, calculate the value of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 88AECh. 16 - Carbon monoxide is toxic because it bonds much...Ch. 16 - Prob. 90AECh. 16 - Prob. 91AECh. 16 - Use the equation in Exercise 79 to determine H and...Ch. 16 - Consider the reaction...Ch. 16 - Consider the following diagram of free energy (G)...Ch. 16 - Prob. 95CWPCh. 16 - For rubidium Hvapo=69.0KJ/mol at 686C, its boiling...Ch. 16 - Given the thermodynamic data below, calculate S...Ch. 16 - Prob. 98CWPCh. 16 - Prob. 99CWPCh. 16 - Consider the dissociation of a weak acid HA (Ka =...Ch. 16 - Prob. 101CWPCh. 16 - The equilibrium constant for a certain reaction...Ch. 16 - For the following reactions at constant pressure,...Ch. 16 - The standard enthalpy of formation of H2O(l) at...Ch. 16 - Prob. 105CPCh. 16 - Liquid water at 25C is introduced into an...Ch. 16 - Using data from Appendix 4, calculate H, G, and K...Ch. 16 - Prob. 108CPCh. 16 - Prob. 109CPCh. 16 - Prob. 110CPCh. 16 - Prob. 111CPCh. 16 - Prob. 112CPCh. 16 - If wet silver carbonate is dried in a stream of...Ch. 16 - Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and benzene (C6H6)...Ch. 16 - Sodium chloride is added to water (at 25C) until...Ch. 16 - Prob. 116CPCh. 16 - Prob. 117CPCh. 16 - Prob. 118IPCh. 16 - Prob. 119IPCh. 16 - Prob. 120IPCh. 16 - Consider a sample containing 5.00 moles of a...Ch. 16 - Impure nickel, refined by smelting sulfide ores in...
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- c. Serricornin, the female-produced sex pheromone of the cigarette beetle, has the following structure. OH What is the maximum number of possible stereoisomers? Is this structure a meso compound? d. Please consider the natural product alkaloids shown below. Are these two structures enantiomers, diastereomers or conformers? H HO H H HN HO HN R R с R=H cinchonidine R=ET cinchonine Harrow_forwardNail polish remover containing acetone was spilled in a room 5.23 m × 3.28 m × 2.76 m. Measurements indicated that 2,250 mg of acetone evaporated. Calculate the acetone concentration in micrograms per cubic meter.arrow_forwardPlease help me answer number 1. 1. If your graphs revealed a mathematical relationship between specific heat and atomic mass, write down an equation for the relationship. I also don't understand, is the equation from the line regression the one that I'm suppose use to show the relationship? If so could you work it all the way out?arrow_forward
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