Chapter 16, Problem 105CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, a perfectly insulated vessel $1$ contains an ice cube at $0°\text{C}$ and water at $0°\text{C}$, whereas perfectly insulated vessel $2$ contains an ice cube at $0°\text{C}$ and saltwater solution at $0°\text{C}$. The sign of $\Delta S_{\text{univ}}$ and $\Delta S$ and $\Delta S_{\text{surr}}$ is to be predicted for each, vessel $1$ and $2$ for the given process.

Concept introduction: In a perfectly insulated system, no heat is lost. The value of $\Delta S_{\text{surr}}$ for such system will be zero.

To predict: The sign of $\Delta S_{\text{univ}},\Delta S$ and $\Delta S_{\text{surr}}$ in vessel $1$ for the process ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(s\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It is given that, a perfectly insulated vessel $1$ contains an ice cube at $0°\text{C}$ and water at $0°\text{C}$, whereas perfectly insulated vessel $2$ contains an ice cube at $0°\text{C}$ and saltwater solution at $0°\text{C}$. The sign of $\Delta S_{\text{univ}}$ and $\Delta S$ and $\Delta S_{\text{surr}}$ is to be predicted for each, vessel $1$ and $2$ for the given process.

Concept introduction: In a perfectly insulated system, no heat is lost. The value of $\Delta S_{\text{surr}}$ for such system will be zero.

To predict: The signs of $\Delta S_{\text{univ}},\Delta S$ and $\Delta S_{\text{surr}}$ in vessel $2$ for the process ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(s\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$ .