Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042282
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15.7, Problem 15P
Starting with methyl acetate, what neutral nucleophile would you use to synthesize each of the following compounds?
a. ethyl acetate
b. acetamide
c. phenyl acetate
d. benzyl acetate
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What explains why many aldehydes and ketones can undergo self- condensation reactions in basic conditions?
A. The alpha carbon can lose a proton and act like a nucleophile and the carbonyl carbon a an electrophile
B. The alpha carbon can gain a proton and act like an electrophile and the carbonyl carbon is a nucleophile
C. The oxygen of the carbonyl group can attack the carbon of the carbonyl group
D. Only esters can undergo self-condensation reactions
What alkyl bromide(s) should be used in the malonic ester synthesis of each of the following carboxylic acids?
a. propanoic acid c. 3-phenylpropanoic acid
b. 2-methylpropanoic acid d. 4-methylpentanoic acid
Define Reaction as a Nucleophile ?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 15.1 - The aromas of many flowers and fruits are due to...Ch. 15.1 - Name the following:Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 3PCh. 15.2 - Which is longer, the carbon-oxygen single bond in...Ch. 15.2 - There are three carbon-oxygen bonds in methyl...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 6PCh. 15.4 - a. What is the product of the reaction of acetyl...Ch. 15.4 - What is the product of an acyl substitution...Ch. 15.5 - a. Which compound has the stretching vibration for...Ch. 15.5 - Using the pKa values listed in Table 15.1, predict...
Ch. 15.5 - Is the following statement true or false? If the...Ch. 15.6 - Starting with acetyl chloride, what neutral...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 13PCh. 15.7 - Starting with methyl acetate, what neutral...Ch. 15.7 - We saw that it is necessary to use excess amine in...Ch. 15.7 - Prob. 17PCh. 15.7 - Which ester hydrolyzes more rapidly? a. methyl...Ch. 15.7 - a. state three factors that cause the uncatalyzed...Ch. 15.8 - Prob. 21PCh. 15.8 - Using the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed...Ch. 15.8 - Prob. 23PCh. 15.8 - Show the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed...Ch. 15.8 - Prob. 25PCh. 15.8 - Write the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed...Ch. 15.8 - Write the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed...Ch. 15.9 - Prob. 28PCh. 15.9 - Prob. 29PCh. 15.10 - Show how each of the following esters could he...Ch. 15.10 - Prob. 32PCh. 15.11 - Prob. 33PCh. 15.11 - Which of the following reactions leads to the...Ch. 15.12 - Prob. 35PCh. 15.12 - Prob. 36PCh. 15.13 - Prob. 37PCh. 15.14 - Prob. 38PCh. 15.14 - Prob. 39PCh. 15.15 - Prob. 40PCh. 15.15 - Which alkyl halides from the carboxylic acids...Ch. 15.16 - Prob. 43PCh. 15.16 - Prob. 44PCh. 15.16 - Prob. 45PCh. 15.17 - Prob. 46PCh. 15.18 - How could you synthesize the following compounds...Ch. 15 - Prob. 48PCh. 15 - Name the following:Ch. 15 - Prob. 50PCh. 15 - What compound are obtained from the fallowing...Ch. 15 - a. Rank the following esters in order of...Ch. 15 - Because bromocyclohexane is a secondary alkyl...Ch. 15 - a. Which compound would you expect to have a...Ch. 15 - How could you use 1H NMR spectroscopy to...Ch. 15 - Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 57PCh. 15 - Prob. 58PCh. 15 - Prob. 59PCh. 15 - A compound with molecular formula C5H10O2 gives...Ch. 15 - Prob. 61PCh. 15 - Prob. 62PCh. 15 - Prob. 63PCh. 15 - Prob. 64PCh. 15 - Prob. 65PCh. 15 - Prob. 66PCh. 15 - Two products, A and B, are obtained from the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 68PCh. 15 - Prob. 69PCh. 15 - Prob. 70PCh. 15 - Prob. 71PCh. 15 - Prob. 72PCh. 15 - When treated with an equivalent of methanol,...Ch. 15 - a. Identify the two products obtained from the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 75PCh. 15 - Prob. 76PCh. 15 - a. When a carboxylic acid is dissolved in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 78PCh. 15 - Identity the major and minor products of the...Ch. 15 - When a compound with molecular formula C11H14O2...Ch. 15 - Prob. 81PCh. 15 - Prob. 82PCh. 15 - Prob. 83PCh. 15 - The 1H NMR spectra for two esters with molecular...Ch. 15 - Show how the following compounds could be prepared...Ch. 15 - Prob. 86PCh. 15 - Prob. 87PCh. 15 - The intermediate shown here is formed during the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 89PCh. 15 - Propose a mechanism that accounts for the...Ch. 15 - Catalytic antibodies catalyze a reaction by...Ch. 15 - Prob. 92P
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- What is the major difference between the base-catalyzed and acid-catalyzed processes for nucleophilic addition of water to aldehydes and ketones? a. The base-catalyzed reaction takes place rapidly because hydroxide ion is a much better nucleophile than neutral water. b. The rate of reaction in base catalyzed process is slower than acid catalyzed process. c. The acid-catalyzed reaction takes place rapidly because the protonated carbonyl compound is a much better electrophile than the neutral compound. d. Only 1 and 3 are correct.arrow_forwardWhat reagents would you use to convert methyl propanoate to the following compounds? a. isopropyl propanoate b. sodium propanoate c. N-ethylpropanamide d. propanoic acidarrow_forwardWhich compound can act as a nucleophilearrow_forward
- Two reactions occur when sodium hydroxide is added to methyl salicylate. One is immediate and one only occurs with reflux over time. What type of reaction occurs immediately and with which functional group on methyl salicylate does it react? What type of reaction occurs with reflux over time and with which functional group on methyl salicylate does it react?arrow_forwardDraw structures for the carbonyl electrophile and enolate nucleophile.arrow_forwardWhat alkyl bromide should be used in the acetoacetic ester synthesis of each of the following methyl ketones? a. 2-pentanone b. 2-octanone c. 4-phenyl-2-butanonearrow_forward
- Why is it not advisable to use aqueous hydrochloric acid in a Grignard reaction of a ketone? A) The Grignard reagent will react with the acid and cannot react with the ketone. B) The ketone will be protonated and will become unreactive. C) The ketone will form an unreactive enol. D) The Grignard reagent won't dissolve in aqueous solutionsarrow_forwardWhich statement is incorrect? A Grignard reagent is a strong lewis base a. O b. Water and alcohol decompose Grignard reagents Oc. Grignard reagents add to the carbonylic carbon of a ketone or aldehyde Ether and THF are solvents not suited for Grignard reactions. d.arrow_forwardReactions of carbonyl compounds with hydride ion donors. a. Draw reaction of an aldehyde with sodium borohydride forms a primary alcohol. b. Draw reaction of a ketone with sodium borohydride forms a secondary alcohol.arrow_forward
- Esters and amides are most easily made by nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions on… A. alcohols B. acid chlorides C. acid anhydrides D. carboxylates E. carboxylic acidsarrow_forwardWhat aldehyde or ketone would be obtained when each of the following compounds is heated in a basic aqueous solution? a. 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanal c. 2,4-dicyclohexyl-3-hydroxybutanal b. 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone d. 5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-heptanonearrow_forwardWhat is the product of a Grignard reaction? O A 2° or 3° amine with the nitrogen bound to the R group from the Grignard reagent. O A six-membered ring. O An ester that incorporates the R group from the Grignard reagent. O A 2° or 3° alcohol with the a carbon bound to the R group from the Grignard reagent. Question 5 How do you prepare a Grignard reagent? O React an organohalide with magnesium metal. O React a carbonyl-containing compound with an organohalide. O Mix an organohalide with mollen magneshum. O React a carbonyl containing compound with magnesiummetal.arrow_forward
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