(a)
Interpretation:
To suggest two methods one starting with an alcohol and one starting with
Concept introduction:
Esters can be prepared from the reaction of an alcohol with
The oxygen atom in the ester is the oxygen atom that is initially present in the alcohol.
The reaction of an alkyl halide with the sodium salt of carboxylic acid can also be used to prepare esters. The general reaction between an alkyl halide and the sodium salt of carboxylic acid can be given as,
(b)
Interpretation:
To suggest two methods one starting with an alcohol and one starting with alkyl halide for each of the given ester formations.
Concept introduction:
Esters can be prepared from the reaction of an alcohol with carboxylic acid. The general reaction between acid and alcohol can be given as,
The oxygen atom in the ester is the oxygen atom that is initially present in the alcohol.
The reaction of an alkyl halide with the sodium salt of carboxylic acid can also be used to prepare esters. The general reaction between an alkyl halide and the sodium salt of carboxylic acid can be given as,
(c)
Interpretation:
To suggest two methods one starting with an alcohol and one starting with alkyl halide for each of the given ester formations.
Concept introduction:
Esters can be prepared from the reaction of an alcohol with carboxylic acid. The general reaction between acid and alcohol can be given as,
The oxygen atom in the ester is the oxygen atom that is initially present in the alcohol.
The reaction of an alkyl halide with the sodium salt of carboxylic acid can also be used to prepare esters. The general reaction between an alkyl halide and the sodium salt of carboxylic acid can be given as,
(d)
Interpretation:
To suggest two methods one starting with an alcohol and one starting with alkyl halide for each of the given ester formations.
Concept introduction:
Esters can be prepared from the reaction of an alcohol with carboxylic acid. The general reaction between acid and alcohol can be given as,
The oxygen atom in the ester is the oxygen atom that is initially present in the alcohol.
The reaction of an alkyl halide with the sodium salt of carboxylic acid can also be used to prepare esters. The general reaction between an alkyl halide and the sodium salt of carboxylic acid can be given as,
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
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- Electron inductive effect of alkyl groups decreases the acidity in: A. acetic acid B. benzoic acid C. hydrochloric acid D nitric acidarrow_forwardWhen synthesizing acetals and ketals, what is the main driving force behind whether the reaction favors the carbonyl species or the acetal/ketal? a the catalytic acid b solvent c temperature d Le Châtelier's Principlearrow_forwardWhat explains why many aldehydes and ketones can undergo self- condensation reactions in basic conditions? A. The alpha carbon can lose a proton and act like a nucleophile and the carbonyl carbon a an electrophile B. The alpha carbon can gain a proton and act like an electrophile and the carbonyl carbon is a nucleophile C. The oxygen of the carbonyl group can attack the carbon of the carbonyl group D. Only esters can undergo self-condensation reactionsarrow_forward
- Write the chemical equations involved in the following reactions: a. acetic acid plus ethyl alcohol in the presence of conc. H2SO4 b. acetaldehyde plus Tollens’ reagentarrow_forwardDraw the structure corresponding to each common name: a. α-methoxyvaleric acid b. β-phenylpropionic acid c. α,β-dimethylcaproic acid d. α-chloro-β-methylbutyric acidarrow_forwardProvide all possible products formed in the given reaction Draw the products formed when each ether is treated with two equivalents of HBr.arrow_forward
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