The reduction transformation should be draw and identified given the starting molecule of aldehyde or ketone. Concept Introduction: Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols. Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H + ) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15.6, Problem 15.12P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reduction transformation should be draw and identified given the starting molecule of aldehyde or ketone.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which aldehyde or ketone might be reduced to yield the fallowing alcohols was founded it should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which aldehyde or ketone might be reduced to yield the fallowing alcohols was founded it should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

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The beta-lactamase hydrolyzes the lactam-ring in penicillin. Describe the mechanism of hydrolysis, insuring to include the involvement of S, D, & K in the reaction sequence. Please help

To map the active site of beta-lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Why doesn't D in this hexapeptide not participate in the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring even though S, K, and D are involved in the catalyst?

To map the active site of -lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Using the experimental results described above derive the primary sequence of the active site hexapeptide. Please help!

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15.6, Problem 15.12P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reduction transformation should be draw and identified given the starting molecule of aldehyde or ketone.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which aldehyde or ketone might be reduced to yield the fallowing alcohols was founded it should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which aldehyde or ketone might be reduced to yield the fallowing alcohols was founded it should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15.6, Problem 15.12P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reduction transformation should be draw and identified given the starting molecule of aldehyde or ketone.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which aldehyde or ketone might be reduced to yield the fallowing alcohols was founded it should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which aldehyde or ketone might be reduced to yield the fallowing alcohols was founded it should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 15.6, Problem 15.12P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reduction transformation should be draw and identified given the starting molecule of aldehyde or ketone.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which aldehyde or ketone might be reduced to yield the fallowing alcohols was founded it should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which aldehyde or ketone might be reduced to yield the fallowing alcohols was founded it should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15.6, Problem 15.12P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reduction transformation should be draw and identified given the starting molecule of aldehyde or ketone.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which aldehyde or ketone might be reduced to yield the fallowing alcohols was founded it should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which aldehyde or ketone might be reduced to yield the fallowing alcohols was founded it should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

Answer 6

Chapter 15.6, Problem 15.12P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reduction transformation should be draw and identified given the starting molecule of aldehyde or ketone.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

Answer 7

Chapter 15.6, Problem 15.12P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reduction transformation should be draw and identified given the starting molecule of aldehyde or ketone.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

Answer 8

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which aldehyde or ketone might be reduced to yield the fallowing alcohols was founded it should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

Answer 9

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which aldehyde or ketone might be reduced to yield the fallowing alcohols was founded it should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which aldehyde or ketone might be reduced to yield the fallowing alcohols was founded it should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which aldehyde or ketone might be reduced to yield the fallowing alcohols was founded it should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: This reaction involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction, for example carbonyl compounds are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Carbonyl group reduction process: These processes occur by formation of a bond to the carbonyl carbon atom by a hydride ion (H⁺) to the carbonyl oxygen atom.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 15.1P Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 15.2P Ch. 15.2 - Draw structures corresponding to the following...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.1CIAP Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.2CIAP Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.4P Ch. 15.2 - Draw the line structures and provide common names...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.6KCP Ch. 15.3 - For each compound shown next (ad), indicate...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.8KCP

Solution Summary: The author explains that the reduction transformation should be drawn and identified given the starting molecule of aldehyde or ketone.

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