Chapter 15, Problem 15.66GP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How many functional groups present in the Diynemicin A, and all functional groups should be identified given the molecule.

Concept Introduction:

Functional group in organic chemistry: Functional groups are specific substituents within molecules that ae responsible for the characteristic chemical reaction of different molecules, some organic functional groups are discussed in given table.

Group name	Structure	Compound name	Property
Hydroxyl	$R-OH$	Alcohol	Polar
Carbonyl	$R-CO-R\text{'}$	Aldehyde ($R\text{'}=H;R\text{'}=C$)	Polar
Carboxyl	$(R-COOH)$	Acid
Amino	$R-N{H}_2$	Amine	Polar

Carbonyl group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom $(C=O)$ is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with two alkyl or aryl group is called as ketone, if the carbonyl carbon is attached with one hydrogen atom and one alkyl or aryl group is called as aldehyde.

Carboxylic acid: One $-OH$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOH$

The derivatives of carboxylic acid are ester, amide

Ester: One $-OR\text{'}$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOR\text{'}$. The hydrogen atom of $-COOH$ is replaced by an alkyl group.

Amide: One $-N{H}_2$, $-NHR\text{'}$ or $-NR{\text{'}}_2$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCONR{\text{'}}_2$.

Alcohol:

The compound contains hydroxyl $\left(\text{OH}\right)$ group, which is bonded with tetrahedral carbon atom is called as an alcohol.

Example is given below

Alkenes:

Alkenes are a class of hydrocarbons. The carbon-carbon double bond is called as alkenes and it is also called as olefins.