The fluoridation of water as a means for preventing tooth decay is recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service ( USPHS ) . The given recommended concentration is 1 mg F − per liter. The maximum molarity of the calcium ions present in hard water if the fluoride concentration is at the USPHS recommended level is to be calculated. Concept introduction: Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a certain amount of solvent at certain temperature. The solubility product, K sp is the equilibrium constant that is applied when salt partially dissolve in a solvent. The solubility product of dissociation of A x B y is calculated by the formula, K sp = [ A ] x [ B ] y

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Chapter 15, Problem 80AE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The fluoridation of water as a means for preventing tooth decay is recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) . The given recommended concentration is 1 mg F− per liter. The maximum molarity of the calcium ions present in hard water if the fluoride concentration is at the USPHS recommended level is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a certain amount of solvent at certain temperature. The solubility product, Ksp is the equilibrium constant that is applied when salt partially dissolve in a solvent. The solubility product of dissociation of AxBy is calculated by the formula,

Ksp=[A]x[B]y

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