12th Edition

ISBN: 9781118875766

Author: T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig B. Fryhle, Scott A. Snyder

Publisher: WILEY

Concept explainers

Ethers (R-O-R’) are compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms of an alcohol (R-OH compound) or a phenol (C6H5OH) by an aryl/ acyl group (functional group after removing single hydrogen from an aromatic ring). In this section, reaction, preparation and…

Epoxides

Epoxides are a special class of cyclic ethers which are an important functional group in organic chemistry and generate reactive centers due to their unusual high reactivity. Due to their high reactivity, epoxides are considered to be toxic and mutagenic…

Williamson Ether Synthesis

An organic reaction in which an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol forms ether is known as Williamson ether synthesis. Alexander Williamson developed the Williamson ether synthesis in 1850. The formation of ether in this synthesis is an SN2 reaction…

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Textbook Question

Chapter 15, Problem 51P

When toluene is sulfonated (concentrated H 2 S O 4 ) at room temperature, predominantly (about 95% of the total) ortho and para substitution occurs. If elevated temperatures (150–200 °C) and longer reaction times are employed, meta (chiefly) and para substitution account for some 95% of the products. Account for these differences in terms of kinetic and thermodynamic pathways. (Hint: m-Toluenesulfonic acid is the most stable isomer.)

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Chapter 15, Problem 50P

Chapter 15, Problem 52P

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Chapter 15 Solutions

Organic Chemistry

Ch. 15 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.1 Show how loss of a proton...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2PP Ch. 15 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.3 Outline all steps in a...Ch. 15 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.4 Provide a mechanism that...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5PP Ch. 15 - Prob. 6PP Ch. 15 - Prob. 7PP Ch. 15 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.8 Write resonance structures...Ch. 15 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.9 Provide a mechanism for the...Ch. 15 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.10 The trifluoromethyl group...

Ch. 15 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.11 Predict the major products...Ch. 15 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.12 Predict the major product...Ch. 15 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.13 Write mechanisms for the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 14PP Ch. 15 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.15 Suppose you needed to...Ch. 15 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.16 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene...Ch. 15 - Prob. 17PP Ch. 15 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.18 When...Ch. 15 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.19 Birch reduction of toluene...Ch. 15 - Prob. 20P Ch. 15 - Prob. 21P Ch. 15 - What monobromination product (or products) would...Ch. 15 - 15.23 Predict the major products of the following...Ch. 15 - Prob. 24P Ch. 15 - 15.25 Starting with styrene, outline a synthesis...Ch. 15 - Prob. 26P Ch. 15 - 15.27 Starting with aniline, outline a synthesis...Ch. 15 - Prob. 28P Ch. 15 - Propose structures for compounds GI:Ch. 15 - 2,6-Dichlorophenol has been isolated from the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 31P Ch. 15 - 15.32 Give structures (including stereochemistry...Ch. 15 - Provide a detailed mechanism for each of the...Ch. 15 - 15.34 Provide a detailed mechanism for the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 35P Ch. 15 - Many polycyclic aromatic compounds have been...Ch. 15 - Prob. 37P Ch. 15 - Prob. 38P Ch. 15 - Prob. 39P Ch. 15 - Prob. 40P Ch. 15 - Predict the product of the following reaction.Ch. 15 - 15.42 When m-chlorotoluene is treated with sodium...Ch. 15 - Prob. 43P Ch. 15 - Prob. 44P Ch. 15 - Prob. 45P Ch. 15 - Prob. 46P Ch. 15 - 15.47 Provide structures for compounds A and B: Ch. 15 - Prob. 48P Ch. 15 - 15.49 Treating cyclohexene with acetyl chloride...Ch. 15 - 15.50 The tert-butyl group can be used as a...Ch. 15 - 15.51 When toluene is sulfonated (concentrated )...Ch. 15 - Prob. 52P Ch. 15 - 2-Methylnaphthalene can be synthesized from...Ch. 15 - Prob. 54P Ch. 15 - Prob. 55P Ch. 15 - Prob. 56P Ch. 15 - Prob. 57P Ch. 15 - Prob. 58P Ch. 15 - Furan undergoes electrophilic aromatic...Ch. 15 - A C-D bond is harder to break than a C-H bond,...Ch. 15 - 15.61 Acetanilide was subjected to the following...Ch. 15 - Prob. 62P Ch. 15 - Prob. 63P Ch. 15 - Prob. 64P Ch. 15 - When compound C, which is often used to model a...Ch. 15 - Open the molecular model file for benzyne and...Ch. 15 - The structure of thyroxine, a thyroid hormone that...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2LGP Ch. 15 - 3. Deduce the structures of compounds E–L in the...

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