Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 15, Problem 15QP
Summary Introduction
To determine: The possibility to treat health conditions such as obesity by manipulating the microbiome.
Introduction: Microbiome consists of microbes that live on or in the human body. These microbes are essential for the survival of human beings. The genetic and
Summary Introduction
To determine: The method by which gut microbiome treat conditions such as obesity.
Introduction: Microbiome consists of microbes that live on or in the human body. These microbes are essential for the survival of human beings. The genetic and metabolic activities of these microbes contribute a lot in maintaining the proper health conditions in humans.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Most healthy and some abnormal gut microbiomes that have a high diversity of taxonomic groups are resistant to manipulation by probiotics and other therapeutic treatments such a fecal transplantation.
Explain why these microbiomes are more likely to be resistant to manipulation.
E. coli can cause various infections and food poisoning.
How can people protect themselves from becoming sick
with E. coli? On the other hand, many bacteria live in our
digestive tract, including E. coli, are important in
producing vitamins and enhancing our absorption of
nutrients. They represent roughly around 3 Ibs of an
adult's body weight, and some scientists call them a
person's second brain. Antibiotics can kill both "good"
and "bad" bacteria. What are some of the effects of
antibiotics killing good bacteria? How does consuming
acidophilus influence your normal intestinal flora? What
are some of the things people do to take care of the
"microbial friends" inside their guts?
The human microbiome is an integral part of human health. Unfortunately, the microbiomes of Americans are reduced in species diversity relative to those of people in other countries, especially those living in non-Western countries. Give examples of three beneficial functions that the human gut microbiome provides to us, the host and what are three potential causes of the reduced gut microbiomes of Americans? Part II: What are three potential consequences of the reduced gut microbiomes of Americans?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15.1 - Who Owns Your Genome? John Moore, an engineer...Ch. 15.1 - Who Owns Your Genome? John Moore, an engineer...Ch. 15 - James sees an online ad for an at-home genetic...Ch. 15 - James sees an online ad for an at-home genetic...Ch. 15 - James sees an online ad for an at-home genetic...Ch. 15 - James sees an online ad for an at-home genetic...Ch. 15 - The gene controlling ABO blood type and the gene...Ch. 15 - Hemophilia and color blindness are both recessive...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3QPCh. 15 - Prob. 4QP
Ch. 15 - How many nucleotides does the human genome...Ch. 15 - Which of the following best describes the process...Ch. 15 - Which of the following is NOT an activity carried...Ch. 15 - Prob. 8QPCh. 15 - Prob. 9QPCh. 15 - What percentage of the DNA in the genome actually...Ch. 15 - When the human genome sequence was finally...Ch. 15 - One unexpected result of the sequencing of the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 13QPCh. 15 - Prob. 14QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15QPCh. 15 - Prob. 16QPCh. 15 - Prob. 17QP
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. What measures have been taken to stop BSE?arrow_forwardThere have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. If you were traveling in Europe, would you eat beef? Give sound reasons why or why not.arrow_forwardOver the years research shows the effect of dietary interventions (prebiotic spike-ins, meal replacement) on the gut microbiome and found some interesting (and mixed!) results. Can the use of dietary supplements/meal replacement strategies used in a clinical/healthcare setting to help people with certain gut conditions? What will be some positives and negatives to using these dietary therapies?arrow_forward
- A microbiologist argued that there is no such thing as “normal” microbiota of the human body, since the population is dynamic and is constantly changing, depending on diet and external environment. What would be an argument against this microbiologist’s view?arrow_forwardHow does the number of genes in the microbiome compare to the number in the human or the rice plant? What are some examples of the good and bad things the gut microbiome does for us? List a few. 3. What happened to the skinny mouse that got a fecal transplant from the obese mouse?arrow_forwardHello, Beside this, what else do you think I can say about "Staphylococcus aureus"? "is a common bacteria that causes skin infections. Usually harmless, this bacterium can be found in our noses and on our skin. On the other hand, infections may result if it enters the body through cuts or scrapes. In order to infiltrate tissues and cause inflammation, Staphylococcus aureus can create toxins and enzymes. This can lead to symptoms like painful boils, red pimples, or even a more serious infection called cellulitis, which causes the skin to become swollen and red. Antibiotics are usually used to treat MRSA; resistant strains, such as those that are resistant to penicillin, need stronger drugs like vancomycin. To aid in the healing process, doctors may occasionally need to extract any pus-filled lumps. For instance, a 25-year-old man may develop a staph infection if he has painful, swollen lumps on his thigh following a camping trip. To prevent problems, it's critical to make an accurate…arrow_forward
- In about 250-350 words, address the following: First Part Describe the process of digestion, naming all the organs involved. Describe the process of absorption be sure to differentiate between digestion and absorption Second Part Explain the role of the microbiome Search the internet for a research study on the gut microbiome and its effect on health. Academic Resources. Summarize the study findings, including how many people or animals were studied, what was studied, and the results of the study Cite your source in AMA or APA format at the bottom of your post Organize your post using paragraphs to separate thoughts and ideas.arrow_forwardThe intestinal epithelium produces a variety of antimicrobial peptides that play a crucial role in establishing the balance of commensal organisms versus pathogens constituting the healthy host microbiota. Studies have found that, in Crohn's disease, individuals have dysbiosis, a condition in which there is disruption of the normal composition of the host microbiota. It is, therefore, not surprising that several cases of Crohn's disease have been linked to: Reduced recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa O Increased IL-10 secretion by intestinal macrophages O Reduced production of IL-1-3 in response to microbial antigens O Defects in production of antimicrobial peptides in Paneth cells O Reduced number of Th17 cells in the lamina propriaarrow_forwardhow does Crohn’s disease get impacted by our gut microbiotaarrow_forward
- in your own words, what is the accuracy of claims about chron's disease being impacted by our gut microbiotaarrow_forwardDirections Consider the following article: Revisit gut microbiota and its impact on human health and disease Our gut microbiome has been shown to be a key modulator of human health. The organisms that are part of our normal gut microflora have been proven to be involved in many aspects of our overall health. There are more microbes in and on us than we have human cells. Not only bacteria, but fungi, viruses, and other microbes are present in and on the human body. Initial Post For your initial discussion post, research one of the major human diseases, longevity, or infant health that have been shown to be impacted by our gut microbiota and discuss the accuracy and validity of the claims. How can we best utilize this knowledge in our own lives? Can we help those we love with their health issues by helping to modify their gut microbiota? Include supportive information from at least one credible source and the reference for your source in APA format.arrow_forwardPathogens have a variety of traits that interact with a host and enable the pathogen to enter a host, adhere to host cells, gain access to nutrients, and escape detection or removal by the immune system. These traits are called virulence factors. The following enzymes and toxin can act as virulence factors and contribute to bacteria’s pathogenicity. What are the specific actions of the following enzymes and toxin that make them virulence factors? Coagulase Kinase (such as staphylokinases and streptokinases) Hyaluronidase Collagenase Cytotoxinarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning