To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine. Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids. The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate , pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Question

3. Devise a retrosynthesis for the problem given below and then provide the corresponding synthesis with all necessary reagents/reactants: RETROSYNTHESIS: SYNTHESIS: Br

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 15.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 15.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 15.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 15.1 - Which of the following statements about dietary...Ch. 15.1 - Dietary protein materials as they leave the...Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 15.1 - Which of the following is not a proteolytic...Ch. 15.2 - The dominant use for the amino acids of the amino...Ch. 15.2 - The most abundant amino acid in the amino acid...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 15.3 - The reactants in a transamination reaction are a....Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 3QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein.

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