(a) Interpretation: The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained. Concept Introduction: Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement. Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers). A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral. When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers. When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 15.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 15.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 15.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 15.1P Ch. 15.1 - For trans-2-hexene: (a) draw a stereoisomer; (b)...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.3P Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.4P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.5P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.6P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.7P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.8P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.9P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the relationship between the given pair of molecules. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and three-dimensional arrangement.

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Chapter 15 Solutions