Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14.5, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The gene expression in the individuals heterozygous for the sickle cell allele shows effects of the allele under some circumstances.
Introduction:
The sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder. This occurs due to the mutation in the hemoglobin chain which results in the change of shape of hemoglobin. The hemoglobin gets sickle shape. Due to its sickle shape, the binding affinity of hemoglobin towards oxygen decreases.
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. Considering the yellow and green pea color phenotypes studied by Gregor Mendel:a. What is the biochemical function of the proteinthat is specified by the gene responsible for thepea color phenotype?b. A null allele of a gene is an allele that does notspecify any of the biochemical function that thegene normally provides. Of the two alleles Y and y,which is more likely to be a null allele?c. In terms of the underlying biochemistry, why is theY allele dominant to the y allele?d. Why are peas that are yy homozygotes green?e. The amount of the protein specified by a gene isroughly proportional to the number of functionalcopies of the gene carried by a cell or individual.What do the phenotypes of YY homozygotes, Yyheterozygotes, and yy homozygotes tell us aboutthe amount of the Sgr enzyme (the product of thepea color gene) needed to produce a yellow color?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In a research article about...Ch. 14.1 - What polypeptide product would you expect from a...Ch. 14.1 - DRAW IT The template strand of a gene contains the...Ch. 14.2 - What is a promoter? Is it located at the upstream...Ch. 14.2 - What enables RNA polymerase to start transcribing...Ch. 14.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose X-rays caused a sequence change...Ch. 14.3 - Given that there are about 20,000 human genes, how...Ch. 14.3 - How is RNA splicing similar to how you would watch...Ch. 14.3 - WHAT IF? What would be the effect of treating...Ch. 14.4 - What two processes ensure that the correct amino...
Ch. 14.4 - Discuss the ways in which rRNA structure likely...Ch. 14.4 - Describe how a polypeptide to be secreted is...Ch. 14.4 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT Draw a tRNA with the anticodon...Ch. 14.5 - What happens when one nucleotide pair is lost from...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 14.5 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT The template strand of a gene...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 14 - The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is A....Ch. 14 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 14 - Which component is not directly involved in...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 14 - Fill in the following table: Type of RNA Functions...Ch. 14 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Knowing that the genetic code...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 14 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION Evolution accounts for the...Ch. 14 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Some mutations result in...
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- Discuss Concepts Many human diseases are caused by recessive alleles that are not expressed in heterozygotes. Some people think that eugenicsthe selective breeding of humans to eliminate undesirable genetic traitsprovides a way for us to rid our populations of such harmful alleles. Explain why eugenics cannot eliminate such genetic traits from human populations.arrow_forward1) using at least one named example discuss the implication of allelic heterogeneity in single gene disorder for the presentation and progession of the disorder and its treatment 2) discuss the importance of understanding epigenetics in improving people healtharrow_forwardplease answer Explain Also .arrow_forward
- 10. Fur colour in mice is an example of the effects of interaction between different genes. Wild type mice have agouti fur where the individual hairs are black with a yellow band producing the typical grey-like colour of agouti fur. Two different independently segregating genes are involved in the expression of coat colour: • A single gene with two alleles, A and a, determines the colour of the coat; Agouti (AA or Aa) is dominant over black (aa). • A different gene is required for the hair pigment to be synthesised and therefore expressed. When the dominant allele of this gene is present (C), pigment is produced and the agouti and black phenotypes can be expressed. A null allele (c, which produces an inactive form of the enzyme for pigment production) is recessive; when in the homozygous form (cc), no pigment is produced and the mice are albino. a) Write down the colour of the coat of mice with the following genotypes: Genotype Phenotype aaCc b) Consider the following cross: Parents…arrow_forward10. Fur colour in mice is an example of the effects of interaction between different genes. Wild type mice have agouti fur where the individual hairs are black with a yellow band producing the typical grey-like colour of agouti fur. Two different independently segregating genes are involved in the expression of coat colour: • A single gene with two alleles, A and a, determines the colour of the coat; Agouti (AA or Aa) is dominant over black (aa). • A different gene is required for the hair pigment to be synthesised and therefore expressed. When the dominant allele of this gene is present (C), pigment is roduced and the agouti and black phenotypes can be expressed. A null allele (c, which produces an inactive form of the enzyme for pigment production) is recessive; when in the homozygous form (cc), no pigment is produced and the mice are albino. a) Write down the colour of the coat of mice with the following genotypes: Genotype Phenotype aaCc b)Consider the following cross: Parents…arrow_forwardhelparrow_forward
- O Mutation-selection balance Suppose that one allele A₁ mutates to another allele A2 at some rate, μ. Suppose as well that A₁ is dominant over A2 such that A₁A1 and A₁A2 both have the same fitness, but that individuals that are homozygous recessive (A2A2) for the mutant allele A2 are less fit than the dominant genotype by some amount s, the selection coefficient. In this case, A2 mutant alleles come into the population at rate µ, and are removed from the population only when the show up in homozygous genotypes. The gory mathematical proof can be found in Box 7.8, which tells us that: O ■ Example: Suppose A₁ mutates to A2 at rate 0.005, but A₂A2 homozygous recessives are 50% less fit (s = 0.5) than either A₁A1 or A₁A2. What are the expected equilibrial abundances of A₁ and A2? μ = 0.005 S = 0.5 p* = 1-sqrt(µ/s) = 1-sqrt(0.005/0.5) = 0.9 = sqrt(µ/s) = sqrt(0.005/0.5) = 0.1 ● * p = = 1-sqrt(µ/s) q* = sqrt(μ/s) ● Question: Suppose A₁ mutates to A2 at rate 0.01, but A₂A2 homozygous…arrow_forwardWith explanationarrow_forwardSuppose that you are studying the role of Protein B, which you believe plays a role in regulating PCD/Apoptosis in mice. You create two lines of mutant mice. One (bb) is homozygous for a loss-of-function allele of gene B. The other (Bb) is heterozygous, with one wild-type allele and one loss-of function allele. Initially you pay particular attention to two phenotypes of the resulting mice:(i) The morphology of their paws (see picture) (ii) The size of their brains & shape of their skulls. The bb mice have unusually large brains and unusual protrusions from their skulls. Based on these data, does it appear that Protein B, when present and active, favors or inhibits PCD/Apoptosis?Briefly explain your reasoning. The answer should address both the paw and brain/skull data.arrow_forward
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