Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14, Problem 7TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The chromosomes are arranged in a sequenced pattern, which enables the effective transfer of genetic material. Any alteration in the placement of the chromosomes leads to the mutations, such as deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations. These mutations may have harmful effects on the organism.
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Which of the following types of mutations would be predicted to harm an organism? explain your answers. A. insertion of a single nucleotide near the end of the coding sequence.B. removal of a single nucleotide near the beginning of the coding sequence. C. Deletion of three consecutive nucleotides in the middle of the coding sequence. D. Deletion of four consecutive nucleotides in the middle of the coding sequence. E. substitution of one nucleotide for another in the middle of the coding sequence.
The degeneracy of the Genetic code is due to
A. a 1 to 1 correlation between single amino acids and single nucleotides
B. The fact that tRNAs can bind to mRNAs at the same time they transfer amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain
C. The fact that there is only one start codon
D. The fact that the code is non-overlapping
E. The fact that more than one codon specifying an amino acid
F. None of the above
Which of the following is an RNA processing event that increases the number of potential
polypeptides that can be encoded by a single gene.
a. transcription
b. alternative splicing
c. alternative transcription
d. polyadenylation
Chapter 14 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In a research article about...Ch. 14.1 - What polypeptide product would you expect from a...Ch. 14.1 - DRAW IT The template strand of a gene contains the...Ch. 14.2 - What is a promoter? Is it located at the upstream...Ch. 14.2 - What enables RNA polymerase to start transcribing...Ch. 14.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose X-rays caused a sequence change...Ch. 14.3 - Given that there are about 20,000 human genes, how...Ch. 14.3 - How is RNA splicing similar to how you would watch...Ch. 14.3 - WHAT IF? What would be the effect of treating...Ch. 14.4 - What two processes ensure that the correct amino...
Ch. 14.4 - Discuss the ways in which rRNA structure likely...Ch. 14.4 - Describe how a polypeptide to be secreted is...Ch. 14.4 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT Draw a tRNA with the anticodon...Ch. 14.5 - What happens when one nucleotide pair is lost from...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 14.5 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT The template strand of a gene...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 14 - The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is A....Ch. 14 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 14 - Which component is not directly involved in...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 14 - Fill in the following table: Type of RNA Functions...Ch. 14 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Knowing that the genetic code...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 14 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION Evolution accounts for the...Ch. 14 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Some mutations result in...
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- A nonsense mutation Select one: a. results in a larger protein being produced from the mutated gene b. will lead to premature termination of translation c. is the same as a silent mutation d. will lead to the premature termination of transcriptionarrow_forwardThe change of a UAC codon (Tyr) to a UAU codon (Tyr) is an example of a: A. missense mutation B. silent mutation C. frameshift mutation D. nonsense mutationarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about RNA processing in eukaryotes is INCORRECT? A. The excision of introns from pre-mRNA is the only modification required to produce a mature mRNA. B. A protein/RNA complex is used to remove introns from the pre-mRNA. C. A poly A tail is added on to the 3′ end of the mRNA. D. A 7-methylguanosine cap is added on to the 5′end of the mRNA. E. Modification occurs in the nucleus.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements are NOT true? A. Replication is the process of making DNA and takes place in the nucleus of prokaryotic cells. B. Translation produces a polypeptide that may require additional processing to become a functional protein C. Transcription starts at the promoter of eukaryotic cells and scans until reaches the start codon. D. Splicing results in exons being put together and introns being removedarrow_forwardWhich of the following mutations is most likely to cause a single amino acid difference during the translation of mRNA into protein? A. Single base-pair insertion B. Single base-pair deletion C. Mutations in regulatory sites D. Base-pair substitutionarrow_forwardA small section of a gene for a protein has the following nucleotide sequence: CTA TCC CCT ACG TCA Which of the following mutations would cause a silent mutation in the sequence shown above? a. Replacement of first thymine base with adenine base b. Replacement of second thymine base with guanine base c. Replacement of first cytosine base with guanine base d. Replacement of second adenine base with thymine basearrow_forward
- Original strand: G G G C T A G G G C C A A , Mutant strand: G G G G C T A G G G C C A A . What type of mutation? * A. Insertion B. Deletion C. Substitution D. Nonsense A base substitution that causes regular codon to change into another codon that codes for different amino acids is said to be; * A. missense mutations B. nonsense mutations C. silent mutations D. no correct response Mutagenic agents that can cause cancers are known specifically as; * A. mutagens B. carcinogens C. chemicals D. no correct response The process of copying a gene's DNA sequence into a sequence of RNA is called_____. * A. replication B. transcription C. translation D. PCR Which of the following…arrow_forwardThe change of a UAC codon (Tyr) to a UAG codon (Stop) is an example of a: A. nonsense mutation B. frameshift mutation C. silent mutation D. missense mutationarrow_forwardWhich of the following statement is correct? a. In insertion mutation, an organic compound insert itself between DNA bases and read as an extra base b. In point mutation, an organic compound insert itself between DNA bases and read as an extra base c. In insertion mutation, an organic compound insert itself between RNA bases and read as an extra tRNA d. In insertion mutation, an inorganic compound insert itself between DNA bases and read as an extra basearrow_forward
- The sequence of a gene was changed (mutated) such that, instead of producing a mRNA with the codon CUU, it produced an mRNA with CUG. This change (CUU to CUG) is considered a O a. silent mutation O b. missense mutation O c. nonsense mutation O d. frame-shift mutationarrow_forwardA geneticist induces a mutation in eukaryote cells. The mutation results in an inability to form the poly(A) tail during processing of pre-mRNA. What does this mean for the mature mRNA and what will be the effect on these cells? Possible Answers: A. The mRNA will be spliced, but will not have a 5' cap. B. The mRNA will likely be degraded. C. The mRNA will not be cleaved. D. The mRNA will have too many Gs and Cs.arrow_forwardWhich of the following would probably cause the most severe damage to a gene's expression and phenotype a. A missense mutation changing the first methionine codon to an arginine codon. b. A deletion of a base in the 455th codon of a 456-amino acid protein. c. Alteration of a UGG codon to a UGA codon at position 324 of a 324 amino acid protein. d. Mutation of a GUC codon (valine) to a GUU codon (valine).arrow_forward
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