Chapter 14.5, Problem 14.13E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An oxalic acid stepwise ionization equation has to write in aqueous solutions.

Concept Introduction:

Acid ionization constant${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}$:

The equilibrium expression for the reaction ${\text{HA}}_{(aq)}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{H}}^{+}{}_{(aq)}+{\text{A}}^{\text{-}}{}_{(aq)}$ is given below.

$K_a=\frac{[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}{\text{][A}}^{\text{-}}\text{]}}{[\text{HA]}}$

Where $K_a$ acid ionization is constant, $[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\text{]}$  is concentration of hydrogen ion, $[{\text{A}}^{\text{-}}\text{]}$  is concentration of acid anion, $[\text{HA]}$ is concentration of the acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A citric acid stepwise ionization equation has to write in aqueous solutions.

Concept Introduction:

Referred to part (a).