Campbell Biology In Focus
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134203072
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14.3, Problem 2CC
How is RNA splicing similar to how you would watch a TV show recorded earlier using a DVR? In what ways is it different? What would introns correspond to in this analogy?
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What is meant by the term self-splicing? What types of introns are self-splicing?
Which is the coding strand? Which is the template strand?
What is the direction of mRNA transcription by RNA-Polymerase for this gene?
The following is a portion of an mRNA sequence:
3’ –AUCGUCAUGCAGA-5’
a)During transcription, was the adenine at the left-hand side of the sequence the first or the last nucleotide used to build the portion of the mRNA shown? Explain how you know.
b)Write out the sequence and polarity of the DNA duplex that encodes this mRNA segment. Label the template and coding DNA strands.
c)Identify the direction in which the promoter region for this gene will be located.
Chapter 14 Solutions
Campbell Biology In Focus
Ch. 14.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In a research article about...Ch. 14.1 - What polypeptide product would you expect from a...Ch. 14.1 - DRAW IT The template strand of a gene contains the...Ch. 14.2 - What is a promoter? Is it located at the upstream...Ch. 14.2 - What enables RNA polymerase to start transcribing...Ch. 14.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose X-rays caused a sequence change...Ch. 14.3 - Given that there are about 20,000 human genes, how...Ch. 14.3 - How is RNA splicing similar to how you would watch...Ch. 14.3 - WHAT IF? What would be the effect of treating...Ch. 14.4 - What two processes ensure that the correct amino...
Ch. 14.4 - Discuss the ways in which rRNA structure likely...Ch. 14.4 - Describe how a polypeptide to be secreted is...Ch. 14.4 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT Draw a tRNA with the anticodon...Ch. 14.5 - What happens when one nucleotide pair is lost from...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 14.5 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT The template strand of a gene...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 14 - The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is A....Ch. 14 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 14 - Which component is not directly involved in...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 14 - Fill in the following table: Type of RNA Functions...Ch. 14 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Knowing that the genetic code...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 14 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION Evolution accounts for the...Ch. 14 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Some mutations result in...
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- About how many GTps does it take to synthesize a protein 100 amino acids long?arrow_forwardErrors in splicing are implicated in cancers and other human diseases. What kinds of mutations might lead to splicing errors? Think of different possible outcomes if splicing errors occur. Intron Exon 1 GU AG Exon 2 Spliceosome Intron Exon 1 Exon 2arrow_forwardWhich mRNA sequences would form a structure that is a cue for transcription termination of some genes? 5'-GGCCCUUUUACCCGGUUUU-3' 5'-GCAUCUUACUGAUGCUUUU-3' a stem-loop hairpin structure followed by a sequence of uracil residues in the RNA a palindromic region followed by a sequence of adenine residues in the RNA a sequence of uracil-adenine RNA-DNA base pairsarrow_forward
- Which of the following about the splicing in posttranscriptional processing is NOT true? a. In bacterial, the genes coding for polypeptides are interrupted by non-coding regions. O b. O C. O d. Introns in eukaryotic hnRNA must be cut out before mature mRNA can be used for protein synthesis. Alternate splicing can lead to tissue-specific proteins. Splicing can lead to multi-domain proteins.arrow_forwardFor each of the following items, fill in either the DNA strand, the MRNA codons, the tRNA anticodons, or the amino acid sequence that have been left blank. If several sequences might work, choose only one. Furthermore, circle the start and the stop codons of each mRNA sequence. 1. DNA (3'-5') ACG TAC GGC CGG TTA AAG CAT ACT TTC TTG MRNA TRNA Amino Acid 2. DNA (3'-5') MRNA AUG ACU AGC UGG GGG UAU UAC UUU UAG AAA TRNA Amino Acid 3. DNA (3'-5') MRNA TRNA GCU CCU UAC CAC ССС CGU AUG GCU GGG AUC Activate Go to Sett Amino Acidarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the mechanism of splicing is correct? 1. A mutation in a 5' splice site will always lead to a shorter mRNA. 2. Mutations in a non-splice site (for example, middle of an intron) does not affect the protein. 3. snRNPs at a 5' splice site can recognize and bind to snRNPs at another 5' splice stie. It is possible that a mutation in a splice site can lead to the removal of an exon. 4. A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only O E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.arrow_forward
- A group of researchers are trying to find out whether a specific intron follows the splicing mechanism for Group I or Group II introns. They start out with two samples, each containing sufficient buffer conditions for self-splicing to occur, and a strand of mRNA that is 4,500 nt long that includes the intron of interest, which is 500 nt long (see schematic below). Sample 1 has nothing else added, whereas sample 2 has additional free guanosines. Intron 1,000 nt 500 nt 3,000 nt After incubating the samples for a sufficient amount of time for the reaction to occur, the researchers visualize the products from both samples on a DNA agarose gel, and then conclude that the intron is a Group II intron. a) Please predict the results from the DNA gel for both samples 1 and 2 by drawing the bands in the blank gel with DNA ladder provided below: How many bands are seen for each sample? What are the lengths of the bands? Sample 1 b) 5,000 nt 4,000 nt 3,000 nt 1,000 nt 500 nt 250 nt Sample 2 Draw…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is likely associated with the mRNA processing step of alternative splicing? 1. A gene is discovered to encode for two different proteins one protein has 46 amino acids and the other protein has 86 amino acid 2. A gene has 7 exons. one processed mRNA transcript from this gene contains exons 3, 4, 6 and 7. a second process mRNA transcript from this gene contains exons 2, 3, 5, and 7 3. The open reading frame of a gene contains 90 nucleotides but the translated polypeptide contains only 29 amino acids 4. Complexity of the transcrptome ( # of different mRNA molecules) increasesarrow_forwardIn addition to splicing, additional modifications at the ends are required to generate a mature MRNA. What are these modifications and what are their significance? Use the following terms to fill in the blanks: MRNA cap poly(A) tail nucleus cytoplasm ribosome transcription complex synthesis degradation modifications The 5' end receives a while the 3' end gets a These modifications allow the MRNA to be exported to the A · protect it from and helps the MRNA to be recognized by thearrow_forward
- Which of these molecules has multiple partial charges and thus is most soluble in water? B H HHH HHH ABCD or E CH H CHOH D CH OH A cell is specialized in producing oil and steroid hormone. Which structure would be found in large r cell? O vacuoles O peroxisome O rough endoplasmic reticulum O smooth endoplasmic reticulum The oxygen released from photosynthesis results from: Reduction of NADP* to NADPH Chemiosmosis Oxidation of water Photophosphorylationarrow_forwardAn RNA polymer is made by using the enzyme polynucleotide phosphorylase with equal quantities of CTP and GTP. When this RNA is used in an in vitro translation system, all of the following amino acids could be incorporated into a newly made polypeptide, except: glycine (Gly) histidine (His) proline (pro) alanine (Ala) arginine (Arg)arrow_forwardIn bacterial genes, as soon as any partial mRNA transcript is produced by the RNA polymerase system, the ribosome assembles on it and starts translating. Draw a diagram of this process, identifying 5′ and 3′ ends of mRNA, the COOH and NH2 ends of the protein, the RNA polymerase, and at least one ribosome. Why couldn’t this system work in eukaryotes?arrow_forward
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