Campbell Biology In Focus
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134203072
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14.1, Problem 1CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS In a research article about alkaptonuria published in 1902, Garrod suggested that humans inherit two “characters” (alleles) for a particular enzyme and that both parents must contribute a faulty version for the offspring to have the disorder. Today, would this disorder be called dominant or recessive? (See Concept 11.4.)
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5) The disease Phenylketonuria (or PKU) occurs when the enzyme that helps to catalyze
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doesn't work as well (or at all). Phenylalanine will still break down into tyrosine by itself,
because this is a favorable reaction. Why is the non-functional enzyme a problem? Explain in a
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1. Consider the three-dimensional model of the tertiary structure of an enzyme below. Amino acids involved in binding are shaded blue, and amino acids involved in catalysis are shaded red.
A. Suppose research has shown that amino acid 82 in the red shaded region is lysine, an amino acid with a positively-charged side chain. This lysine is critical for catalysis. Other studies have found that amino acids 12 and 62 in the blue region are both phenylalanine, an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain, and are critical for substrate binding. These amino acids are relatively close in the active site but are separated by 20-70 amino acids in the primary structure. Using what you know about protein structure, explain how amino acids separated in the primary structure can come close together in the active site.
B. Use this information and figure 4.2 in your book to answer the following questions: Do you think changing amino acid 82, lysine, an amino acid with a positively-charged side…
. The allosterically regulated enzyme ATCase binds aspartic acid as a
substrate and acylates the a-amino group. Succinate acts as a competitive
inhibitor of ATCase because it binds the active site but can't be acylated. The
dependence of vo on [aspartic acid] for ATCase is shown in panel (a) of the
accompanying figure. Panel (b) shows the effect of increasing [succinate]
on v, when [Asp] is held at a low concentration (see thick vertical arrow in
panel (a)). Note that in panel (b), vo is not zero when [succinate] =0 (see
thin horizontal arrow). Explain the shape of the curve in panel (b). Why
does v, increase initially, before decreasing at higher [succinate]?
Co0-
COO
CH2
CH,
HC -NH,
CH,
COO
COO
Asp
Succinate
[Asp)
[Succinate]
[Asp] in
experiment b
(a)
(b)
Chapter 14 Solutions
Campbell Biology In Focus
Ch. 14.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In a research article about...Ch. 14.1 - What polypeptide product would you expect from a...Ch. 14.1 - DRAW IT The template strand of a gene contains the...Ch. 14.2 - What is a promoter? Is it located at the upstream...Ch. 14.2 - What enables RNA polymerase to start transcribing...Ch. 14.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose X-rays caused a sequence change...Ch. 14.3 - Given that there are about 20,000 human genes, how...Ch. 14.3 - How is RNA splicing similar to how you would watch...Ch. 14.3 - WHAT IF? What would be the effect of treating...Ch. 14.4 - What two processes ensure that the correct amino...
Ch. 14.4 - Discuss the ways in which rRNA structure likely...Ch. 14.4 - Describe how a polypeptide to be secreted is...Ch. 14.4 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT Draw a tRNA with the anticodon...Ch. 14.5 - What happens when one nucleotide pair is lost from...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 14.5 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT The template strand of a gene...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 14 - The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is A....Ch. 14 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 14 - Which component is not directly involved in...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 14 - Fill in the following table: Type of RNA Functions...Ch. 14 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Knowing that the genetic code...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 14 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION Evolution accounts for the...Ch. 14 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Some mutations result in...
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