Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780131495081
Author: Douglas C. Giancoli
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 88GP
A thin, Straight, uniform rod of length ℓ = 1.00 m and mass m = 215g hangs from a pivot at one end. (a) What is its period for small-amplitude oscillations’? (b) What is the length of a simple pendulum that will have the same period?
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A cylinder with a piston contains 0.153 mol of
nitrogen at a pressure of 1.83×105 Pa and a
temperature of 290 K. The nitrogen may be
treated as an ideal gas. The gas is first compressed
isobarically to half its original volume. It then
expands adiabatically back to its original volume,
and finally it is heated isochorically to its original
pressure.
Part A
Compute the temperature at the beginning of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
T₁ =
?
K
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Part B
Compute the temperature at the end of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
Π ΑΣΦ
T₂ =
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Part C
Compute the minimum pressure.
Express your answer in pascals.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
P =
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?
?
K
Pa
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
Τ
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
T
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Chapter 14 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Ch. 14.1 - An object is oscillating back and forth. Which of...Ch. 14.1 - A mass is oscillating on a frictionless surface at...Ch. 14.1 - If an oscillating mass has a frequency of 1.25 Hz,...Ch. 14.2 - Which of the following represents a simple...Ch. 14.2 - By how much should the mass on the end of a spring...Ch. 14.2 - The position of a SHO is given by x = (0.80 m)...Ch. 14.3 - Suppose the spring in Fig. 1410 is compressed to x...Ch. 14.5 - If a simple pendulum is taken from sea level to...Ch. 14.5 - Return to the Chapter-Opening Question, p. 369,...Ch. 14.5 - (a) Estimate the length of a simple pendulum that...
Ch. 14 - Give some examples of everyday vibrating objects....Ch. 14 - Is the acceleration of a simple harmonic...Ch. 14 - Explain why the motion of a piston in an...Ch. 14 - Real springs have mass. Will the true period and...Ch. 14 - How could you double the maximum speed of a simple...Ch. 14 - A 5.0-kg trout is attached to the hook of a...Ch. 14 - If a pendulum clock is accurate at sea level, will...Ch. 14 - A tire swing hanging from a branch reaches nearly...Ch. 14 - For a simple harmonic oscillator, when (if ever)...Ch. 14 - A 100-g mass hangs from a long cord forming a...Ch. 14 - Two equal masses are attached to separate...Ch. 14 - Does a car bounce on its springs faster when it is...Ch. 14 - What is the approximate period of your walking...Ch. 14 - What happens to the period of a playground swing...Ch. 14 - A thin uniform rod of mass m is suspended from one...Ch. 14 - A tuning fork of natural frequency 264 Hz sits on...Ch. 14 - Why can you make water slosh back and forth in a...Ch. 14 - Give several everyday examples of resonance.Ch. 14 - Is a rattle in a car ever a resonance phenomenon?...Ch. 14 - Over the years, buildings have been able to be...Ch. 14 - (I) If a particle undergoes SHM with amplitude...Ch. 14 - (I) An elastic cord is 65 cm long when a weight of...Ch. 14 - (I) The springs of a 1500-kg car compress 5.0 mm...Ch. 14 - (I) (a) What is the equation describing the motion...Ch. 14 - (II) Estimate the stiffness of the spring in a...Ch. 14 - (II) A fishermans scale stretches 3.6 cm when a...Ch. 14 - (II) Tall buildings are designed to sway in the...Ch. 14 - (II) Construct a Table, indicating the position x...Ch. 14 - (II) A small fly of mass 0.25 g is caught in a...Ch. 14 - (II) A mass m at the end of a spring oscillates...Ch. 14 - (II) A uniform meter stick of mass M is pivoted on...Ch. 14 - (II) A balsa wood block of mass 55g floats on a...Ch. 14 - (II) Figure 1429 shows two examples of SHM,...Ch. 14 - (II) Determine the phase constant in Eq. 144 if,...Ch. 14 - (II) A vertical spring with spring stiffness...Ch. 14 - (II) The graph of displacement vs. time for a...Ch. 14 - (II) The position of a SHO as a function of time...Ch. 14 - (II) A tuning fork oscillates at a frequency of...Ch. 14 - (II) An object of unknown mass m is hung from a...Ch. 14 - (II) A 1.25-kg mass stretches a vertical spring...Ch. 14 - (II) Consider two objects, A and B, both...Ch. 14 - (II) A 1.60-kg object oscillates from a vertically...Ch. 14 - (II) A bungee jumper with mass 65.0 kg jumps from...Ch. 14 - (II) A block of mass m is supported by two...Ch. 14 - (III) A mass m is connected to two springs, with...Ch. 14 - (III) A mass m is at rest on the end of a spring...Ch. 14 - (I) A l.15-kg mass oscillates according to the...Ch. 14 - (I) (a) At what displacement of a SHO is the...Ch. 14 - (II) Draw a graph like Fig. 1411 for a horizontal...Ch. 14 - (II) A 0.35-kg mass at the end of a spring...Ch. 14 - (II) It takes a force of 95.0 to compress the...Ch. 14 - (II) A 0.0125-kg bullet strikes a 0.240-kg block...Ch. 14 - (II) If one oscillation has 5.0 times the energy...Ch. 14 - (II) A mass of 240g oscillates on a horizontal...Ch. 14 - (II) A mass resting on a horizontal, frictionless...Ch. 14 - (II) An object with mass 2.7 kg is executing...Ch. 14 - (II) Agent Arlene devised the following method of...Ch. 14 - (II) Obtain the displacement x as a function of...Ch. 14 - (II) t t = 0, a 785-g mass at rest on the end of a...Ch. 14 - (II) A pinball machine uses a spring launcher that...Ch. 14 - (I) A pendulum has a period of 1.35s on Earth....Ch. 14 - (I) A pendulum makes 32 oscillations in exactly 50...Ch. 14 - (II) A simple pendulum is 0.30m long. At t = 0 it...Ch. 14 - (II) What is the period of a simple pendulum 53cm...Ch. 14 - (II) A simple pendulum oscillates with an...Ch. 14 - (II) Your grandfather clocks pendulum has a length...Ch. 14 - (II) Derive a formula for the maximum speed vmax...Ch. 14 - (II) A pendulum consists of a tiny bob of mass M...Ch. 14 - (II) The balance wheel of a watch is a thin ring...Ch. 14 - (II) The human leg can be compared to a physical...Ch. 14 - (II) (a) Determine the equation of motion (for as...Ch. 14 - (II) A student wants to use a meter stick as a...Ch. 14 - (II) A meter stick is hung at its center from a...Ch. 14 - (II) An aluminum disk. 12.5cm in diameter and 375g...Ch. 14 - (II) A plywood disk of radius 20.0cm and mass...Ch. 14 - (II) A 0.835-kg block oscillates on the end of a...Ch. 14 - (II) Estimate how the damping constant changes...Ch. 14 - (II) A physical pendulum consists of an...Ch. 14 - (II) A damped harmonic oscillator loses 6.0% of...Ch. 14 - (II) A vertical spring of spring constant 115 N/m...Ch. 14 - (III) (a) Show that the total mechanical energy,...Ch. 14 - (III) A glider on an air track is connected by...Ch. 14 - (II) (a) For a forced oscillation at resonance ( =...Ch. 14 - Prob. 64PCh. 14 - (II) An 1150 kg automobile has springs with k =...Ch. 14 - (II) Construct an accurate resonance curve, from ...Ch. 14 - (II) The amplitude of a driven harmonic oscillator...Ch. 14 - (III) By direct substitution, show that Eq. 1422,...Ch. 14 - (III) Consider a simple pendulum (point mass bob)...Ch. 14 - A 62-kg person jumps from a window to a fire net...Ch. 14 - An energy-absorbing car bumper has a spring...Ch. 14 - The length of a simple pendulum is 0.63 m, the...Ch. 14 - A simple pendulum oscillates with frequency f....Ch. 14 - A 0.650-kg mass oscillates according to the...Ch. 14 - (a)A crane has hoisted a 1350-kg car at the...Ch. 14 - An oxygen atom at a particular site within a DNA...Ch. 14 - A seconds pendulum has a period of exactly 2.000...Ch. 14 - A 320-kg wooden raft floats on a lake. When a...Ch. 14 - At what displacement from equilibrium is the speed...Ch. 14 - A diving board oscillates with simple harmonic...Ch. 14 - A rectangular block of wood floats in a calm lake....Ch. 14 - A 950-kg car strikes a huge spring at a speed of...Ch. 14 - A 1.60-kg table is supported on four springs. A...Ch. 14 - In some diatomic molecules, the force each atom...Ch. 14 - A mass attached to the end of a spring is...Ch. 14 - Carbon dioxide is a linear molecule. The...Ch. 14 - Imagine that a 10-cm-diameter circular hole was...Ch. 14 - A thin, Straight, uniform rod of length = 1.00 m...Ch. 14 - A mass m is gently placed on the end of a freely...Ch. 14 - A child of mass m sits on top of a rectangular...Ch. 14 - Estimate the effective spring constant of a...Ch. 14 - In Section 145, the oscillation of a simple...Ch. 14 - (II) A mass m on a frictionless surface is...Ch. 14 - (III) Damping proportional to v2. Suppose the...
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