Chapter 14, Problem 22CI

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The balanced chemical reaction for the nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide production needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : The combustion reaction is an exothermic reaction which is the reaction of molecule with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. The energy released during the combustion is called as enthalpy of combustion.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The mass of nitrogen dioxide produced by one automobile in 1 year needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : From number of moles, mass of any species can be calculated as follows:

  $m=n\times M$

Here, n is number of moles and M is molar mass.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The balanced combustion reaction of octane needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : The combustion reaction is an exothermic reaction which is the reaction of molecule with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. The energy released during the combustion is called as enthalpy of combustion.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The number of moles of octane in given volume needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : The relation between density and mass is shown as follows:

  $d=\frac{m}{V}$

For given density and volume, mass of the species can be calculated by rearranging the above equation:

  $m=d\times V$

The number of moles can be calculated from mass and molar mass as follows:

  $n=\frac{m}{M}$

Here, m is mass and M is molar mass.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The volume of carbon dioxide at STP from combustion of gasoline used in one year needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction : The combustion reaction is an exothermic reaction which is the reaction of molecule with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. The energy released during the combustion is called as enthalpy of combustion.

At the standard temperature and pressure state, the volume of 1 mol of a substance is equal to 22.4 L. This is calculated by putting the standard temperature and pressure values in the ideal gas equation as follows:

  $PV=nRT$