Chapter 14, Problem 31CI

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:To determine the concentration of H₂CO₃.

Concept Introduction:

Formula to calculate concentration:

  $\text{concentration(M)}\text{=}\frac{\text{mass}\text{of}\text{solute(g)×1000}}{\text{molar}\text{mass}\text{of}\text{solute(g/mol)}\text{×}\text{volume}\text{of}\text{solution(ml)}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:To determine the concentration of HCO₃^-.

Concept Introduction:

Formula to calculate concentration:

  $\text{concentration(M)}\text{=}\frac{\text{mass}\text{of}\text{solute(g)×1000}}{\text{molar}\text{mass}\text{of}\text{solute(g/mol)}\text{×}\text{volume}\text{of}\text{solution(ml)}}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:To determine the concentration of hydronium ions, H₃O⁺.

Concept Introduction :

Equilibrium constant may be defined as the ratio of product of concentration of products with the product of concentration of reactants and each concentration term has raised to the power equals to their respective stoichiometric coefficient.

Mathematically,

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{If}\text{the}\text{chemical}\text{reaction}\text{is:}\\ \text{aA}\text{+}\text{bB}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{cC}\text{+}\text{dD}\\ \text{then,}\\ {\text{K}}_c\text{=}\frac{{\text{[C]}}^{\text{c}}{\text{[D]}}^{\text{d}}}{{\text{[A]}}^{\text{a}}{\text{[B]}}^{\text{b}}}\end{array}$

Concentration of solid components is always taken as unity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the pH of given buffer solution.

Concept Introduction :

Relation between pH and hydronium concentration:

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{pH}\text{=}\text{-}{\text{log[H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\text{]}\\ \text{where,}\\ {\text{[H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\text{]}\text{=}\text{concentration}\text{of}\text{hydronium}\text{ions}\end{array}$

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To write the balanced chemical equation which shows the neutralisation of added acid to given buffer solution.

Concept Introduction :

Buffer solution = It is a type of solution which can resist its pH when small amount of acid/base is added to it.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To write the balanced chemical equation which shows the neutralisation of added base to given buffer solution.

Concept Introduction :

Buffer solution = It is a type of solution which can resist its pH when small amount of acid/base is added to it.