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Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 14.75P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
We have to explain how the bond breaking and bond making takes place by showing the curves to represent the flow of electrons.
Concept introduction:
The acid catalyzed hydration of an
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Phenols are aromatic rings with an alcohol functional group attached directly to the ring. These compounds have unique acidity and solubility for alcohol groups. Predict the solubility of this phenol in water.
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Oxidation and Reduction of Aldehydes and
Ketones (Section 15-10)
15-75 Draw the structural formula of the carboxylic acid
formed when each of the following aldehydes is oxidized.
a. CH,-C-H
CH3
b. CH;-CH,-ČH-CH,-C-H
с. Н-С—Н
ÇI
ÇI
d. CH;—CH,—CH-CH—CH2—С-н
Chapter 14 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 14.1PCh. 14.1 - Prob. 14.2PCh. 14.2 - Problem 14-3 Draw structural formulas for the...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.4PCh. 14.2 - Prob. 14.5PCh. 14.3 - Problem 14-6 Write the common name for each ether.Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 14.7PCh. 14 - 14-8 Answer true or false. The functional group of...Ch. 14 - 14-9 What is the difference in structure between a...Ch. 14 - 14-10 Which of the following are secondary...
Ch. 14 - 14-11 Which of the alcohols in Problem 14-10 are...Ch. 14 - 14-12 Write the 1UPAC name of each compound. (e)...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.13PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.14PCh. 14 - 14-15 Both alcohols and phenols contain an —OH...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.16PCh. 14 - 14-17 Explain in terms of noncovalent interactions...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.18PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.19PCh. 14 - 14-20 Show hydrogen bonding between methanol and...Ch. 14 - 14-21 Show hydrogen bonding between the oxygen of...Ch. 14 - 14-22 Arrange these compounds in order of...Ch. 14 - 14-23 Arrange these compounds in order of...Ch. 14 - 14-24 2-Propanol (isopropyl alcohol) is commonly...Ch. 14 - 14-25 Explain why glycerol is much thicker (more...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.26PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.27PCh. 14 - 14-28 Give the structural formula of an alkene or...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.29PCh. 14 - 14-30 Show how to distinguish between cyclohexanol...Ch. 14 - 14-31 Compare the acidity of alcohols and phenols,...Ch. 14 - 14-32 Both 2,6-diisopropylcyclohexanol and the...Ch. 14 - 14-33 Write equations for the reaction of...Ch. 14 - 14-34 Write equations for the reaction of...Ch. 14 - 14-35 Write equations for the reaction of each of...Ch. 14 - 14-36 Show how to convert cyclohexanol to these...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.37PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.38PCh. 14 - 14-39 Name two important alcohols derived from...Ch. 14 - 14-40 Name two important alcohols derived from...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.41PCh. 14 - 14-42 Write the common name for each ether. ch3...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.43PCh. 14 - 14-44 Answer true or false. (a) The functional...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.45PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.46PCh. 14 - 14-47 Following are structural formulas for...Ch. 14 - 14-48 Explain why methanethiol, CH3SH, has a lower...Ch. 14 - 14-49 Answer true or false. Today, the major...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.50PCh. 14 - 14-51 (Chemical Connections 14B) When was...Ch. 14 - 14-52 (Chemical Connections 14B) What was Alfred...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.53PCh. 14 - 14-54 (Chemical Connections 14C) What is the color...Ch. 14 - 14-55 (Chemical Connections 140 The legal...Ch. 14 - 14-56 (Chemical Connections 14D) What does it mean...Ch. 14 - 14-57 (Chemical Connections 14E) What are the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.58PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.59PCh. 14 - 14-60 Write a balanced equation for the complete...Ch. 14 - 14-61 Knowing what you do about electronegativity,...Ch. 14 - 14-62 Draw structural formulas and write IUPAC...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.63PCh. 14 - 14-64 Explain why the boiling point of ethylene...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.65PCh. 14 - 14-66 1,4-Butanediol, hexane, and 1-pentanol have...Ch. 14 - 14-67 Of the three compounds given in Problem...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.68PCh. 14 - 14-69 Show how to prepare each compound from...Ch. 14 - 14-70 Show how to prepare each compound from...Ch. 14 - 14-71 The mechanism of the acid-catalyzed...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.72PCh. 14 - 14-73 Lipoic acid is a growth factor for many...Ch. 14 - 14-74 Following is a structural formula for the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.75PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.76PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.77PCh. 14 - 14-78 Consider alkenes A, B, and C. each of which...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.79P
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- 14-28 Give the structural formula of an alkene or alkenes from which each alcohol can be prepared. 2-Butanol 1-Methylcyclohexanol 3-Hexanol 2-Methyl-2-pentanol Cyclopentanolarrow_forward14-31 Compare the acidity of alcohols and phenols, which are both classes of organic compounds that contain an —OH group.arrow_forwardWhat functional group distinguishes each of the following hydrocarbon derivatives? a. halohydrocarbons b. alcohols c. ethers d. aldehydes e. ketones f. carboxylic acids g. esters h. amines Give examples of each functional group. What prefix or suffix is used to name each functional group? What are the bond angles in each? Describe the bonding in each functional group. What is the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol? For the functional groups in ah, when is a number required to indicate the position of the functional group? Carboxylic acids are often written as RCOOH. What does COOH indicate and what does R indicate? Aldehydes are sometimes written as RCHO. What does CHO indicate?arrow_forward
- 14-33 Write equations for the reaction of 1-butanol, a primary alcohol, with these reagents. H2SO4, heat K2Cr2O7, H2SO4arrow_forwardDiazomethane, CH2N2, is used in the organic chemistry laboratory despite its danger because it produces very high yields and is selective for reaction with carboxylic acids. Write the products of the following reactions.arrow_forwardWhat is the functional group of the major organic product of the following reaction? Focus on the functional group that changes in the reaction. OH ether ketone ester O aldehyde OH CH₂OH HC1arrow_forward
- Acid-catalyzed dehydration of secondary and tertiary alcohols proceeds through an E1 mechanism. The first step is the protonation of the alcohol oxygen to form an oxonium ion. Dehydration of 3-methyl-2-butanol forms one major and two minor organic products. Draw the structures, including hydrogen atoms, of the three organic products of this reaction. н н :бн н Нас. Нас. CHз CH3 ČH3 CH3 3-methyl-2-butanol an oxonium ion Major Product Minor Product Minor Productarrow_forwardPolyphenols are compounds found in many fruits, vegetables, tea, and wine. Predict the solubility of this polyphenol, gallic acid, in water.arrow_forwardDrinking of too much alcohol cause liver cirrhosis because ethanol is converted to toxic * Acetone Ethanal Acetic acid Methyl ethanoate Ethers have lower boiling points compared to alcohols of comparable mass because they form dipole-dipole interaction among themselves. they cannot form hydrogen bond among themselves. they can form hydrogen bond with water. they are solvents in organic reactions. Dehydration of two molecules of methanol under acidic condition (H2SO4) at high temperature will produce * Acetone Ethanal Acetic acid Methoxymethanearrow_forward
- Draw the product of the reaction between a ketone and an alcohol. Include all hydrogen atoms in the product. རྐང་པའི H* +1 mole equiv. CH, HỌ CH, CH Select Draw Rings More G c Q2Q Erase How would you classify the product of the reaction? Note that a hemiacetal formed from a ketone is also called a hemiketal; an acetal formed from a ketone is also called a ketal. 00 The product is a ketone. The product is a hemiketal. The product is an alcohol. The product is a ketal.arrow_forwardWhat type of organic reaction is shown in the picture? Give a short description of the reaction.arrow_forwardDraw the structural formula for each of the following and give the classification 10, 20, 30. Draw any oxidation products resulting from a reaction with chromic acid. cyclopropanol 1-methylcyclobutanol 2-methyl-1-hexanol 1-methylcyclohexanol 3-methylcyclohexanol 2,2-dimethylcyclohexanolarrow_forward
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