(a) Interpretation: The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for cyclohexylacetylene are to be compared. Concept introduction: Hydroboration-oxidation reaction of an alkyne is the reaction in which an alkyne reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield an enol which tautomerises to a corresponding aldehyde or a ketone . The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 14, Problem 14.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for cyclohexylacetylene are to be compared.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction of an alkyne is the reaction in which an alkyne reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield an enol which tautomerises to a corresponding aldehyde or a ketone. The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for 2-butyne are to be compared.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction is the reaction in which an alkene reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield primary alcohol. The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 14, Problem 14.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for cyclohexylacetylene are to be compared.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction of an alkyne is the reaction in which an alkyne reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield an enol which tautomerises to a corresponding aldehyde or a ketone. The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for 2-butyne are to be compared.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction is the reaction in which an alkene reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield primary alcohol. The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 14, Problem 14.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for cyclohexylacetylene are to be compared.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction of an alkyne is the reaction in which an alkyne reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield an enol which tautomerises to a corresponding aldehyde or a ketone. The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for 2-butyne are to be compared.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction is the reaction in which an alkene reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield primary alcohol. The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 14, Problem 14.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for cyclohexylacetylene are to be compared.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction of an alkyne is the reaction in which an alkyne reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield an enol which tautomerises to a corresponding aldehyde or a ketone. The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for 2-butyne are to be compared.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction is the reaction in which an alkene reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield primary alcohol. The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 14.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for cyclohexylacetylene are to be compared.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction of an alkyne is the reaction in which an alkyne reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield an enol which tautomerises to a corresponding aldehyde or a ketone. The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for 2-butyne are to be compared.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction is the reaction in which an alkene reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield primary alcohol. The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 14.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for cyclohexylacetylene are to be compared.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction of an alkyne is the reaction in which an alkyne reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield an enol which tautomerises to a corresponding aldehyde or a ketone. The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 14.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for cyclohexylacetylene are to be compared.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction of an alkyne is the reaction in which an alkyne reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield an enol which tautomerises to a corresponding aldehyde or a ketone. The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for 2-butyne are to be compared.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction is the reaction in which an alkene reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield primary alcohol. The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction for 2-butyne are to be compared.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration-oxidation reaction is the reaction in which an alkene reacts with borane in presence of a peroxide to yield primary alcohol. The reaction occurs by Anti-Markovnikov’s rule. An alkyne can be converted into an aldehyde or a ketone by mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reaction. After the protonation of the alkynyl carbon, the water attacks as the nucleophile and an enol is formed. Enol is unstable and converts into a stable aldehyde or ketone.

Answer 10

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Answer 13

Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.1P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.2P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.3P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.4P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.5P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.6P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.7P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.8P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.9P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the hydroboration-oxidation and mercuric-ion catalysed hydration reactions of cyclohexylacetylene.

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