(a) Interpretation: Assuming the solution containing the 5 μ moles of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and 5 μ moles of all the enzymes of citric acid cycle but none of the metabolic intermediates. This will generate 5 μ moles of CO 2 and then reaction stops. The reason for production more CO 2 after addition of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde should be explained. Concept introduction: Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence, hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water. Pictorial representation: The citric acid cycle with all the reagent and enzymes and metabolic enzymes can be shown as follows: Figure: Citric acid cycle

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Answer 1

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Chapter 13, Problem 7P

Interpretation Introduction

(a) Interpretation:

Assuming the solution containing the 5 μ moles of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and 5 μ moles of all the enzymes of citric acid cycle but none of the metabolic intermediates. This will generate 5 μ moles of CO₂ and then reaction stops. The reason for production more CO₂ after addition of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence, hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

Pictorial representation:

The citric acid cycle with all the reagent and enzymes and metabolic enzymes can be shown as follows:

Figure: Citric acid cycle

Interpretation Introduction

(b) Interpretation:

The μ moles of acetaldehyde required to allow complete oxidation of the pyruvate to 15 μ moles of CO₂ should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence; hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

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The beta-lactamase hydrolyzes the lactam-ring in penicillin. Describe the mechanism of hydrolysis, insuring to include the involvement of S, D, & K in the reaction sequence. Please help

To map the active site of beta-lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Why doesn't D in this hexapeptide not participate in the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring even though S, K, and D are involved in the catalyst?

To map the active site of -lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Using the experimental results described above derive the primary sequence of the active site hexapeptide. Please help!

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 7P

Interpretation Introduction

(a) Interpretation:

Assuming the solution containing the 5 μ moles of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and 5 μ moles of all the enzymes of citric acid cycle but none of the metabolic intermediates. This will generate 5 μ moles of CO₂ and then reaction stops. The reason for production more CO₂ after addition of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence, hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

Pictorial representation:

The citric acid cycle with all the reagent and enzymes and metabolic enzymes can be shown as follows:

Figure: Citric acid cycle

Interpretation Introduction

(b) Interpretation:

The μ moles of acetaldehyde required to allow complete oxidation of the pyruvate to 15 μ moles of CO₂ should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence; hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 7P

Interpretation Introduction

(a) Interpretation:

Assuming the solution containing the 5 μ moles of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and 5 μ moles of all the enzymes of citric acid cycle but none of the metabolic intermediates. This will generate 5 μ moles of CO₂ and then reaction stops. The reason for production more CO₂ after addition of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence, hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

Pictorial representation:

The citric acid cycle with all the reagent and enzymes and metabolic enzymes can be shown as follows:

Figure: Citric acid cycle

Interpretation Introduction

(b) Interpretation:

The μ moles of acetaldehyde required to allow complete oxidation of the pyruvate to 15 μ moles of CO₂ should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence; hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 7P

Interpretation Introduction

(a) Interpretation:

Assuming the solution containing the 5 μ moles of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and 5 μ moles of all the enzymes of citric acid cycle but none of the metabolic intermediates. This will generate 5 μ moles of CO₂ and then reaction stops. The reason for production more CO₂ after addition of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence, hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

Pictorial representation:

The citric acid cycle with all the reagent and enzymes and metabolic enzymes can be shown as follows:

Figure: Citric acid cycle

Interpretation Introduction

(b) Interpretation:

The μ moles of acetaldehyde required to allow complete oxidation of the pyruvate to 15 μ moles of CO₂ should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence; hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 7P

Interpretation Introduction

(a) Interpretation:

Assuming the solution containing the 5 μ moles of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and 5 μ moles of all the enzymes of citric acid cycle but none of the metabolic intermediates. This will generate 5 μ moles of CO₂ and then reaction stops. The reason for production more CO₂ after addition of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence, hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

Pictorial representation:

The citric acid cycle with all the reagent and enzymes and metabolic enzymes can be shown as follows:

Figure: Citric acid cycle

Interpretation Introduction

(b) Interpretation:

The μ moles of acetaldehyde required to allow complete oxidation of the pyruvate to 15 μ moles of CO₂ should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence; hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 7P

Interpretation Introduction

(a) Interpretation:

Assuming the solution containing the 5 μ moles of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and 5 μ moles of all the enzymes of citric acid cycle but none of the metabolic intermediates. This will generate 5 μ moles of CO₂ and then reaction stops. The reason for production more CO₂ after addition of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence, hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

Pictorial representation:

The citric acid cycle with all the reagent and enzymes and metabolic enzymes can be shown as follows:

Figure: Citric acid cycle

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 7P

Interpretation Introduction

(a) Interpretation:

Assuming the solution containing the 5 μ moles of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and 5 μ moles of all the enzymes of citric acid cycle but none of the metabolic intermediates. This will generate 5 μ moles of CO₂ and then reaction stops. The reason for production more CO₂ after addition of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence, hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

Pictorial representation:

The citric acid cycle with all the reagent and enzymes and metabolic enzymes can be shown as follows:

Figure: Citric acid cycle

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b) Interpretation:

The μ moles of acetaldehyde required to allow complete oxidation of the pyruvate to 15 μ moles of CO₂ should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence; hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b) Interpretation:

The μ moles of acetaldehyde required to allow complete oxidation of the pyruvate to 15 μ moles of CO₂ should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Pyruvate produced in glycolysis of glucose is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water through a sequence of complicated reaction cycle, popularly named as Krebs cycle. Citric acid and some other tricarboxylic acids occur in the intermediate steps of this reaction sequence; hence the name citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle are also given. It is through this cycle of reactions that all food stuff and nutrients are completely oxidised in the cell. All food stuff including carbohydrate must be converted to pyruvate or some other intermediate products for theiroxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 13 - Prob. 1P Ch. 13 - Prob. 2P Ch. 13 - Suppose that aconitase did not bind its substrate...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4P Ch. 13 - Prob. 5P Ch. 13 - Prob. 6P Ch. 13 - Prob. 7P Ch. 13 - Prob. 8P Ch. 13 - Prob. 9P Ch. 13 - Prob. 10P

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